Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/187

* EPITHELIUM. 161 EPPING. These cells have minute, hair-like project ions from their free surfaces, known as cilia. These cilia possess a vibratory mot ion. always acting in the same direction, and tlms determining flow of cur- rents. They occur only on columnar epithelium, either of the simple or stratified type. Ciliated epithelium lines the cavity of the uterus, the ovi- FlG. 5. CILIATED El'ITIUa.l! M OF TRACHEA. Magnified :ti»i times ; n, ciliated cells : i> goblet or mucin cells; r, germinal cells ; (A basement membrane. ducts, the lacrymal ducts, the Eustachian tubes, and parts of the tympanic cavity, nasal fossae, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and vas deferens. These minute cilia exert a considerable power. Thus, in the respiratory tract they seem to keep the tubes free from any minute particles of foreign substance which may have entered them. (b) Goblet.- — This is a form of cell occurring in col- umnar epithelium in which the contents of the cell are transferred into a transparent substance known as mucus, w h i c h is finally discharged upon the free sur- face of the mem- brane, (c) Pig- ni r n led. — In this form of epithelium the cells contain granules usually of a brown or black color and known as pigment. Such cells are found in the retina and in the skin, especially of the darker races. IV. Specialized Epithelium, (a) Glandular Epithelium. — This name is applied to those forms of epithelium which make up the various glands of the body. Such epithelium presents wide ranges of variations for different glands. (b) Neuro - epithelium. — This is a specialization of epithelium for the purpose of forming termina- tions for nerve-fibres. .Many of these termina- tions in certain organs are extremely complex — e.g. the rods and cones of the retina, the hair- cells of Corti's organ, and the taste-buds. Con- sult Clarkson, Text-Book of Histology (Philadel- phia. 1896). EP1THEM (Gk. f7n%/a, epithema. cover, from iirt, cpi, upon + Bij/ia, themn. box. from ti- 04vcu, tithenai, to place). In plants, the internal tissue of a hydathode; a gland that excretes water. See Hydathode. EPITOME, e-pit'6-me (Lat.. from Gk. (in.Toii.-fi, from iwl, cpi., upon + to/x^i, tome, a cutting, from t^wik, temnein, to cut ) . A- condensation of the work of any author, especially common among the scholars in the Middle Ages. EP'IZO'A. See Entozoa. FlO. 6. DISSOCIATED GOBLET EPI- THELIUM FROM INTESTINE. Magnified 450 times: a. nu- cleus; /., remains of protoplasw of cell. EPIZOOTY, gpl x..'- n 'i. L. M, epi, upon + fuiov, zOon, animal). A disease which i-, carried from one place in another by means of infection, and which occurs as a more or [ess serious out- break of limited duration. A number oi infec- tious diseases are strikingly epizoSth — as, for example, influenza of horses. Epizoot} in vel erinary medicine corresponds to the term epi- demic in human medicine. E PLU'RIBUS TJ'NTJM (Lat., one out of man} I. The national motto of the United States, proposed by the committee appointed by Congress on July 4. L776, to prepare designs for a seal. The members were franklin. Adams, and Jeffer- son. The intended meaning was 'One formed of many.' in reference to the composition of the < tovernment. EP'OCH, epV.k or r-'pok (ML. epocha, Gk, 1t°XV, epochs, epoch, pause, from 4w4x e "'i cpe- ch hi, to check, f rom iwt, epi, upon j- %X av i echeim, to hold | . In astronomy, one of the elements (q.v.) of a planet's orbit. It is necessary thai these elements should include a statement of the date when the planet passed its perihelion point, or point of nearest approach to the sun. That date, with the hour and exact fraction of an hour. i< called 'the epoch.' See also Chronology. EPOCH (in geology). See Geology. EP'ODE (Lat. epodus, from Gk. iir V S6s, epo- chs, epode. from 4iri, epi, upon + V°v, SdS, song, from ietSeai, aeidein, to sing) . A name given by grammarians to any poem in which the metrical unit is a distich, consisting of a long and a shorter verse, especially when an iambic trimeter i- followed by an iambic dimeter, as in Horace's Epodes 1-10; Horace, however, called these poems simply Iambi. Also in Greek choral poetry the term is applied to an ode which follows a strophe and antistrophe, or a series of strophes and antistrophes — e.g. a<i|bJ)|ce ep. EPOMEO, a'po-ma'o (Lat. Epomeus, Epo- peus) . A volcanic mountain 14 miles west, of Naples, the highest point (2600 feet) on the island of Isehia (Map: Italy. B 11). It. is also ■ rilled Mount San Xicola, from the hermitage of San Xicola. hewn in the rock just below the summit, which commands on the west a pano- ramic view of the. sea; on the north, of the dis- tant snow-capped peaks of the Abruzzi, of the Bay of (Jaeta, and of the coast from Mount Circeo to Cape Miseno; on the east, of Vesu- vius and of the Bay of Naples and its beautiful shore from the island of Procida to the island of Capri. On account of the eruptions of the volcano, the island was deserted by most, of the inhabitants in B.C. 474. The last of numerous recorded eruptions occurred in 1302; it left a stream of lava that is still plainly noticeable where it is crossed by the road near the town of Isehia. A large mass from Mount Epomeo was displaced by the earthquake of July 2S. 1883. Mythology pictured the giant Typhoeus (Vergil. J'.inid. i. 716), after being transfixed by 7 the thunderbolt of Jupiter, as buried beneath Mount Epomeo, and by his struggles causing its eruption-. EP'PING. A town of Essex County, England, at the north end of Epping Forest, 16 miles north-northeast of London. It is noted for its cream butter, sausages, and pork, large quan- tities of which are sent to London. Population,