Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/152

* ENTIRETY. 128 ENTRECASTEAUX. the joint tenants are here husband and wife, and have, therefore, identical interests in the prop- erty, has differentiated the tenancy by entirety in some important respects from joint tenancy proper. The joint tenant may ordinarily convey his interest separately from his cotenants. there- by dissolving the joint estate and destroying the r'icht of survivorship. But this is not permitted in the case of a tenancy of the entirety: neither can the estate be partitioned during the existence of the marriage relation, though it is dissolved hv a divorce and the parties thereupon converted into tenants in common. state is one which is much favored by the law. and it has accordingly been generally held that it is not affected by statutes abolishing joint tenancies, or creating a presumption in favor of tenancies in common; nor yet by the i recent legislation known as the married women's acts, whereby a wife is rendered capa- ble of holding real estate free from the control <>f her husband. But in a few States the con- Ira rv view has been taken, and in a few others the tenancy by entirety has never been recog- nized. In "most of the* United States, however, the estate still exists without material change in the characteristics which it had at the common law. See Husband and Wife, and the authori- t ies there referred to. ENTOMBMENT, The. A frequent subject of paintings, representing the burial of Christ. Among the most celebrated are those by Raphael, made for the Church of San Francesco, Perugia, and now in the Palazzo Borghese at Rome, by Titian in the Louvre, and by Caravaggio in the Vatican at Rome. For a reproduction of the latter, see Caravaggio. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, American.

organization for the investigation of the character and habits of insects, founded at Phila- delphia in 1859; incorporated in 1802, and known until 1807 as the Philadelphia Entomological Society. The results of its investigations are published in the Entomological JVews, issued monthly with the cooperation of the Entomolog- j..il -(.lion of the Philadelphia Academy of Sei- ence. The society owns a valuable collection of <-nt' logical cabinets and a specialized library cif ::i volumes. The membership is approxi- mately 150. ENTOMOL'OGY (Neo-Lat. entomologia, From ilk. (vroixov, entomon, inject, from ip, en, in + 70//1J. toinr, a cutting, from rifivav, temnein, to cut + -/u);/a, -logia, account, from '/4ytiv, in, t<> saj i. 'I ha1 pa ri of t he science of zoology which treats of insects. Sec Insect. EN'TOMOPH'ILOTJS PLANT (from Ck. ivTonov, entomon, insect 4- 0'Xos, philos, dear, from tpiXetv, philein, to love). A plant whose down- receive pollen by means of insects. See I'iil I I VI ION. EN'TOMOS'TRACA (Neo Lat. nom. pi., from ntomon, insect + forpaKov, ostriikaii, ll). ( inc df the i v o ubi lasses of crus- Many of them are minute, and i-i ii numbers both in fresh and M-.ih particularly in stagnant or nearly rdini to many kinds of l I I. They differ much in i the number o oi locomo- in ome, more nally adapted for swimming only, and attached to the posterior as well as to the anterior segments; but there never is a fin-like expansion of the tail, as in some of the malacos- tracous crustaceans. The body is divisible into two parts, a head and a trunk, but the latter shows no differentiation into thorax and abdo- men. The antennae are generally well developed. and are often used, especially the second pair, as organs of locomotion. Some of the Entomos- traca have mouths fitted for mastication, and some for suction. Not a few are parasitic. The heart has the form of a long vessel. The organs of respiration are in certain species attached to some of the organs of locomotion, in the form of hairs, often grouped into beards, combs, or tufts; or blade-like expansions of the anterior legs are subservient to the purpose of respira- tion ; in others, no special organs of respiration are known to exist. The nervous system, like that of .most arthropods (q.v.), consists of a brain or supra-oesophageal ganglion and a more or less elongated double ventral cord connected with it by a commissure on each side of the oesophagus, and provided with six or seven pairs of ganglia. In most entomostracans, however, the nervous system is more concentrated, some- times to such an extent that it consists of a single ganglionic mass, through which the oesoph- agus passes. The eyes are of two distinct sorts ; nearly all the species have a median un- paired eye, sometimes well developed and some- times greatly reduced. Many forms also have a pair of lateral eyes, which are sometimes stalked. The name Entomostraca has been given to these creatures in consequence of most of the species having shells of many pieces, rather horny than calcareous, and very delicate, gener- ally almost membranous and transparent. In many, the shell consists of two valves, including more or less of the body, capable of being com- pletely closed, but which, at the pleasure of the animal, can also be opened so as to permit the antennae and feet to be stretched out. The Entomostraca comprise many thousand species, which are readily grouped in four great orders, according to the arrangement and struc- ture of the shell and appendages: Phtllopoda ; (Istracoda; Copepoda; Cirripedia (qq.v.). EN'TOPHYTE. See Endophyte. EN'TOZO'A (Neo-Lat. nom. pi. from Gk. ivr6t, entos, within + f<?oe, roon, animal), or Exiioparasites. Parasitic animals living with- in the tissues or organs of other animals. The term 'entozoa' or 'enterozoa' was formerly exten- sively used, especially for the internal parasites .ii man. In recent years the name has fallen into disuse, because it did not include a natural assemblage of forms, but animals of several different types. The opposite term is 'eetozoa' or 'epizoa,' the former designating parasites resi- dent upon or within the skin, and the latter the same with more particular reference to crus- I: us parasites of fishes. See Parasites: Flat- WORMS; Tapewobm; Fluke; CriNEA -WORM ; Rot llWORl. el c. ENTRECASTEAUX, BN'trMca'sto', Joseph i,iii: Bbi hi, Chevalier d' (1730-03).  French navigator, born at. Aix (Provence). In I7st; he became commander of the Easl India siat ion. and in 1787 he was appointed Governor of Mauritius and the Isle of Bourbon, Be later explored New Caledonia, and discovered several