Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/151

* ENTASIS. 127 ENTIRETY. f rust inn of a cone. In the earlier temples this is often clumsily managed, but in the best works, such as the Parthenon, it is so delicate as to be scarcely perceptible. ENTEI/ETJS. An aged Sicilian whom Vergil mentions in the fifth book of the .Km id. In the celebration of the funeral of Anchises, he meets and overcomes Dares, the Trojan pugilist. ENTELLTJS MONKEY. See Langur. ENTENTE CORDIALE, iiN'taxt' kdr'dyal' ( Kr.. cordial understanding). A term used specifically in international politics to signify a certain cordiality, based either on sentiment or on community of interests, between different countries and statesmen. It is not satisfied by the mere absence of strained relations and the maintenance of ordinary relations of interna- tional amity, but suggests a relation bordering on an alliance, though a formal alliance is by no means necessary to create it. ENTER'IC FEVER. See Typhoid Fever. ENTERITIS (Xeo-Lat., from Gk. tvrepov, enteron, intestine). Inflammation of the bowels, and especially of their muscular and serous coat, accompanied by pain, colic (q.v. ), and diarrhoea (q.v.). or dysentery (q.v.). Enteritis in chil- dren (see Cholera) is often fatal. It attacks the entire digestive tract, generally being a gas- troenteritis. Abstinence from food, washing the colon with large enemata of water, and steriliza- tion of drinking-water are essential in the treat- ment of these cases. In adults, enteritis is bene- fited by mild purgation, followed by opiates and fasting. If the colon is attacked, the term used is colitis, properly a subdivision of enteritis. Typhlitis is an inflammation of and about the oipcum (q.v.), and appendicitis (see Vermiform Appendix) is an inflammation, generally with rupture, of the appendix. These are dangerous, and frequently fatal. Rest, opiates, and poul- tices may ameliorate some eases. Operation is generally necessary in appendicitis. In all cases the diagnosis and treatment must be left to the physician. In TnE Lower Animals. Inflammation of the bowels, among the heavier breeds of horses, gen- erally results from some error of diet, such as a long fast, followed by a large, hastily devoured meal, indigestible or easily fermentable food, or large draughts of water at improper times. When thus produced, it is frequently preceded by stomach staggers or colic, affects chiefly the mucous coat of the large intestines, and often runs its course in from eight to twelve hours. With increasing fever and restlessness, the pulse soon rises to 70 or upward, and in this respect, unlike colic, continues throughout considerably above the natural standard of 40 beats per minute. The pain is great, but the animal, instead of recklessly throwing himself about as in colic, arises and lies down cautiously. When standing, the horse frequently turns his head backward and lpoks at his flanks. Respira- tion is quickened, the bowels are torpid. Cold sweats, stupor, and occasionally delirium, pre- cede death. When connected with, or occurring as a sequel to, influenza, laminitis, and other complaints, the small intestines are as much affected as the large, and the peritoneal as well •s the mucous coat of the bowel*. Thi- form is ore common in the lighter breeds. When the patient i- seen early, while the pulse is still clear and distinct and ae4 above 60, and the legs and ears warm, blood letting is useful, as it. relieve-, the overloaded vessels, and prevents that exudation of blood which speedily becomes poured out ill the interior of the bowel- in cases of hemorrhagic enteritis. This disease should be treated as follows: In a pint of oil. or an infu- sion of two drams of aloes in hot water, give a scruple of calomel and an ounce of laudanum, and repeat the calomel and laudanum every hour iii gruel until the bowels are opened, or until live or six doses are given. Encourage the action of the bowels by using, every half-hour, soap-and- water clyster-, t,, which add laudanum so long as pain and straining continue. If the; animal is nau- seated and stupid, with a cold skin, weak, quick pulse, bleeding and reducing remedies are very injurious; and the only hope lies in following up one dose of the calomel and aloes with small doses of laudanum and sweet spirit of nitre, or other stimulants, repeated every 40 minutes. In all stages, woolen cloths wrung out of hot water and applied to the belly encourage the action of the bowels, and relieve the pain. Enteritis in cattle is mostly produced by coarse, wet pasture, acrid or poisonous plants, bad water, and over-driving. The symptoms are fever and thirst, a quick but rather weak pulse, rest- less twitching up of the hind limbs, tenderness of the belly, torpidity of the bowels, and cessa- tion of rumination. Calves generally die in three or four days, other cattle in a week or nine days. Bleed early, open the bowels with a pint of oil and a dram of calomel, which may be repeated in eight or ten hours if no effect is produced. Give, every hour, 15 drops of Flem- ing's tincture of aconite in water, until six or seven doses are given. Allow only sloppy an. I laxative food, such as molasses, gruel, or a thin bran mash ; employ clysters and hot cloths to the belly, and use two-ounce doses of laudanum if the pain is great. Enteritis in sheep mostly occurs in cold, exposed localities, and where flocks are subjected to great privations or improper feeding. ENTEROHEP'ATITIS. See Blackhead. ENTHYMEME (Gk. fvBiwua. enthi/mema, argument, from 4v$vfi(T<rffat. entkymeisthai, to ponder, from iv,en, in + 0vfj.6s, thymos, mind). A term used by Aristotle to denote a syllogism 'from probabilities and signs' ; now a technical name in logic for a syllogism with one of its premises or its conclusion unexpressed. For instance: "The steamship Rio Janeiro could not have been built in water-tight compartments, for it sank in fifteen minutes" — the suppressed premise being. "No steamship built in water-tighi compartments sinks in fifteen minutes." Almost, all ordinary argumentation is conducted in en- thymemes. See Logic. ENTIRETY i from entire. OF., Fr. entier, It. intern, from Lat. integer, whole, from in-, not + tangere, to touch), Tenancy by. The form of joint estate which subsists between husband and wife. Like the ordinary joint estate, it arises upon a conveyance or device to the two persons together who are to hold the premises, and. like that it is attended with the right of survivorship, as incident to the estate, the interest of the one dying rir-t passing to the other and not to the heirs of the decedent. But the circumstance that