Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/150

* ENSTATITE. l^ 6 masses of serpentine. It is found in Moravia, Banana, the Sarz Mountains, the Tyrol and in the United States in Putnam County N. . Ine fibrous varieties when cut frequently yield a effect, and in consequence have some i value a - ENTABLATURE (OF. i ntdblature, from en- tabler ML. intabulare, to construct a base, from I at in in + Ml- tabulare, to tloor. from Lat. Mri>,' board). In architecture, the crowning part of a structure. It is used, for example, of The fillet, cyma, and astragal at the top of an ptian wall. But strictly speaking it is a term to designate in Greeo-Roman architecture the horizontal mass supported by the columns as far as the roof. In all the classic orders it consists of three sections, which are, beginning the bottom: (1) architrave, resting directly 00 the columns. (2) frieze, (3) cornice. There are six forms: The Doric, the Tuscan, the Greek Ionic, the Roman Ionic, the Corinthian, and the Composite, both tin- latter being entirely Roman. The Doric ENTASIS. s ^ v *^": ENTABLATURE. Hat bands projecting like inverted steps and crowned by a couple of fine moldings. The Corinthian differed from it only slightly m Roman times by the occasional addition of stir rnamentation on one or more of the hands. omposite was similar. The Doric frieze was divided into triglyphs and metopes, the latter being usually filled with sculptured, painted, or affixed ornamentation. The same i< true of its modification, Hie Tuscan. The Ionic frieze, on ,,!,,,,, i continuous and often carved in A ,ll/ liLtur.--. or, especially later, with ornaments. The ornamented frieze was espe- cially common in the lb .man [onic, Corinthian, and Composite frieze-, which are merelj i 1' fications of the tonic. T1 pper member, or cornice, corresponds to tl"' roof and eaves, and c nsists of bed moldings, surmounted corona, and cyma or cymatium. Its -..Hit is ornamented with rosettes, patera, and panels in Roman times, more simply, with gutt», in the Creek Doric. . i> usually, except in the Doric, a row of dentils below the cyma and tenia. term entablature is of late origin: the The entablature survived during the Middle A«es in certain countries where classic forms survived or were imitated, as in Provence (France) and Italy (Roman province). The Ionic frieze entered 'largely into mediaeval mold- ings everywhere; But it is easier to find ex- amples in which medheval artists reproduced separate parts of the entablature than cases where the entire group was used. It was re- vived with strict rules by Renaissance artists, especially by purists like Vignola and Palladio, who followed Vitruvius, and went beyond him in •riven laws of proportions for its different parts. See Column, and consult the authorities there referred to. ENTAIL' (OF., Fr. entailler, It. intagliare, lo cut in. from ML. imtaUare, to cut in. from Lat. in, in + ML. taliare, to cut, from Lat. talea, cut- tun', rod). Any settlement or conveyance of an estate of inheritance whereby the legal course of succession is 'cut off,' one or more of the heirs at law being excluded or postponed, and the set- tlement of land made upon a particular heir or series of heirs. The first distinct trace of the existence of entails is to be found in the Roman law. The Greeks, indeed, permitted persons to name successors to their estates, and to appoint a substitute who should take the estate on the failure of him first named. The substitute, as s, J' 1 "-*- Wm " ( :l ''"'T appointed, was permitted to succeed on the death - ly tiat surface The ^ institute (as he was called) without leav-
 * ing issue or without alienating the estate. But

tins limited right fell far short of the power of entailing which has since prevailed in various countries. At Rome, under the later emperors, the practice of settling land upon a series of heirs by means of fidei commissa (q.v.) grew up. and was sanctioned by the State. These deeds, which were originally simply a trust re- posed in the honor of a friend, to whom the property was conveyed, to carry out the will of the grantor, by degrees received the sanction of the law. In 'their early form they contained merely a substitution of heirs. But by the later law, a much fuller form of settlement was ad- mitted, wherebv the estate was protected from every sort of "alienation. It is impossible to doubt that this lb, man form must have been adopted bv the Scottish lawyers in framing their deeds of entail. There are. however, two points in which the Roman law differed from that u hieh prevailed for many years in Scotland— viz., that the former did not recognize the right of primogeniture, and that the limitation of the ,|ee,l was restricted to four generations. For the right of primogeniture, as recognized in deeds of entail, we are indebted to the feudal law. That system did not, in its original form, recognize the rigW of a holder of land to alienate his feudal benefice. Hut the right of the eldest son architecture was higher in propor- tion than that of any other style: it was also the sim- plest, being a pure- flat s . _scan « as somewhat thin- ner. The Ionic ar- chitrave consisted of two or three Thi term entablature is oi late origin; • .■■■ icu,,,., ... ,..,„,. ..... •••■■•>--■ .,,,.; ,„,- „ „ nl1 -roup of three membei which it designates was to represent his father, both in the duties and .,. .., ., ,„ creek architecture. It privileges of the fief, if not an original _P™icipta had a practical origin, being derived fn, notion, it i- connected bj wane , i construction in wood, 1m Ri man I line, its origin and purpi » and it was often in ..iiier than the at the top of a building. For 1 the in-'' b podit f ., hu :urved about an i of the system, was universally recognized in the ii it- greatest influence and extent. For a further treatment, see Fee Tail. Consult the authorities referred to under Real Pboperty. EN'TASIS (Lat., from Gk. Kmiiril, distention, from lv, en, in + rdem. frMtS, a si retching, from Tthftv, teinein, to stretch). The very slightly swelling outline, given to the shaft of a column by the Greeks. The object is to prevent the op- tical distortion which arises if the column is the