Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/838

* EJECTMENT. 726 EKHOF. the exact character of his estate therein; and any person may be made defendant who ha9 wrongfully seized or held the property under a claim of right against one holding a lawful estate therein. The burden of proof of title lies with the plaintiff, the presumi>tion of law being in favor of the actual possessor, who need not, therefore, prove his own title otherwise than against the plaintiff. The verdict in an eject- ment suit is for the plaintilf to recover peace- able possession of the land, or for the defendant to retain his possession. Under the old jiractice the damages which might be given to tlio plain- tiff, together with possession, were purely nom- inal; a supplementary suit might be brought if substantial damages were really demanded. But under the later English practice, and certainly in several of our States, substantial damages may be granted in the original action. Such damages may also be in the nature of an accounting for mesne, or intermediate, profits. (See AcTiox; Possession, Law of: Titue; Leasehold; EsT-TE. Consult: Blaekstone's CommetUaries on the Laws of England: Stephen, Neir Commen- taries on the Laics of England ( 13th ed. London, 1899) ; Digby, Introduction to the History of the .Lair of h'ca'l Property (.5th ed. Oxford. 1899); Pollock and Maitland, History of English Law (2d ed. Boston, 1899). E'JOO PALM. See Gomuti. EKATERINBURG, ya-kil'ta-rc-nbourg'. A fortified town in the Province of Perm, Russia, situated on the eastern slope of the L'ral Jloun- tains, on both banks of the Isset, 180 miles south- east of Perm and 1200 miles east-northeast of Moscow (Map: Russia, K 3). Ekaterinburg is the seat of an archbishopric and of the admin- istration for tlie Ural mines, and is in the centre of the mining districts of these mountains. Among its institutions are a museum of mineral- ogy, an excellent chemical laboratory, a meteoro- logical school for miners, an imperial mint, nu- merous works for cleansing and amalgamating metals, and for cutting and polishing precious stones. A considerable trade, principally in cat- tle, tallow, and iron, is carried on. Ekaterinburg is connected by rail with Cheliabinsk, on the Trans-Siberian line. In the vicinitj- are the gold- mines of Niviansk and Beresov. Ekaterinburg was founded by Peter the Great in 1722, and was named after Empress Catharine I. Population, in 1S97, .5.7..'>00. EKATERINODAR, yi-ka'ta-re-nfi-dar'. The capital of the Kuban Territory, Northern Cau- casia, situated on the right bank of the Kuban, over ')0 miles south-southwest of Rostov and 960 miles south of .Moscow. It is a fortified town, and is surrounded on all sides by swamp and morass. The streets are broad and straight, but unclean (Map: Russia, E 6). The territorial Museum of Natural History is in Ekaterinodar. Farming, gardening, cattle-raising, and fishing are the principal industries of the town. It holds three active fairs annually, and is the seat of a considerable trade in cattle. Eka- terinodar was founded in 1794 by Dnieper Cos- sacks and named after the Empress Catharine II. Population, in 1897. 0.5,700. EKATERINOSLAV, y!-ka'tA-rt-n6-slaf'. A fortified town of South Russia, capital of the Government of Ekaterinoslav, situated on the right bank of the Dnieper, above its rapids, 250 miles northeast of Odessa and 630 miles south- southwest of Moscow (Map: Russia, Do). . monument of the Empress Catharine II., the old palace, once the residence of Prince Po- temkin, and, above all, the remarkable bridge across the Dnieper, arc among its most note- worthy structures. There are numerous churches, including one of Protestant denomination, and the educational institutions include a technical trade school, with free lectures. Ekaterinoslav has two fine parks, the one on the banks of the river being especially attractive. There are a number of steam Hour-mills, foundries, tanneries, etc. The position of the city on the Dnieper is very favorable to its commercial and industrial development; but its direct communication with the Black .Sea is greatly impaired by rapids. A large trade is carried on, chiefly in grain, cattle, timber, and wool. There are held three f.airs during the year. Population, in 1897, 121,000. The Polish fortress Kaidaki, built in 1035. occu- pied the present site of Ekaterinoslav. In 1778 a district town by the name of Ekaterinoslav was founded by Prince Potemkin on the Samara River, but, owing to the insalubrity of the site, the town was removed to the present site of Ekaterinoslav in 1783. EKATERINOSLAV. A government in South Russia, bounded by the governments of Pol- tava and Kharkov on the north, the province of the Don Cossacks on the east, the Sea of .zov and the Government of Taurida on the south, and Kherson on the west (Map: Russia, E 5). Its area is about 24,500 square miles. It forms an extensive steppe with some elevations along the rivers and almost without forests. It is watered chiefly by the Dnieper and the Donetz. The climate is moderate and the winters short. The average temperature varies from about 20° for the winter to nearly 72° for the summer. The soil is very rich in minerals, and the Government of Ekaterinoslav forms one of the chief mining centres of European Russia. There are vast de- posits of coal, iron, zinc, and salt. .Vgriculture and stock-raising engage most of the inhabitants. There are raised large quantities of wheat, and also some southern fruits. The annual output of coal exceeds 2,000.000 tons, of which a consider- able part is mined by peasant associations. The chief manufacturing establishments are machine- woi'ks. flour-mills, foundries, tobacco-factories, etc., and the total number of people employed ex- ceeds 33,000. The government has a considerable trade in minerals, cereals, and lumber, and is well provided with railways. There is also consider- able shipping on the Dnieper. Ekaterinoslav was created a government in 1802. and until 1887 comprised also the territory along the northeast- ern end of the Sea of .Azov, now included with the province of Don "Coss.acks. Population, in 1897, 2.112.000, comjHised mainly of Little Rus- sians, Init including also Great Russians. Greeks, .Tews, Armenians. Rumanians. Poles, etc. Capi- tal, Ekaterinoslav (q.v.). . EKERb, gk'e-re, or ECKERO. One of the Aland Islands (q.v.), Finland, at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia. It lies west of .land and ocoipies an area of over 30 square miles. Its population is about 1200, mostly Swedes. EKHMIM, CK-mem'. See Akhmim. EKHOF, or ECKHOF. i-k'hAf. Koxrap (1720- 78). -V distinguished German actor and play-