Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/836

* EISENEBZ. 724 EISLEBEN. EISENERZ, i'zmerts. A market-town of Styria, Austria, ahout 2350 feet above sea-level, on" the Erzbach, 24 miles northwest of Leoben (iMap: Austria, D 3). The Gothic Church of. Saint Oswald, founded in 1279, is an excellent example of the fortified type of ecclesiastical architecture. The town derives its importance from its proximity to the Erzbcrg. a mountain about 5000 feet high, containing valuable deposits of iron ore. About 2000 miners are employed in the quarries on the mountain, the annual output being about 150.000 tons, of which about 40 per cent, is metal. Aragonite {Eisenbliite, or flos ferri), resembling branching coral in form, and of the most beautiful and jiurest white, is found in grottoes in the interior of the mountain. Popu- lation, in 1890. 5700; in 1900, 6494. EISENLOHR, i'zen-lr.r. ArousT (1832-1902). A German Egyptologist, born in Mannheim. He studied theology at Heidelberg and Gottingeu, and later became interested in the natural sciences and the manufacture of chemical products, aban- doning both, however, lor the study of Egyp- tology. In 1S72 he was made an extraordinary, and in 1885 full, professor at Heidelberg Uni versity. His chief works are: Der grosse Papy- rus Harris (Leipzig, 1872) ; "The Political Con- dition of Egypt Before the Reign of Rameses III.," in the Transactions of the Society of Bibli- cal Archwology (London. 1872) ; Ein mathema- tisches Handbuch der alien Aegypter (Rhind papyrus of the British Museum, trans, with ex- planatory notes, Leipzig, 1877). EISENLOHR, Tiieodor (1805-69). A Ger- man divine and educator. He w-as born at Her- renberg, and studied theology at Tubingen. After holding several pastorates and ccmducting the seminary at Niirtingen, Wiirttemberg, he became a member of the consistory and a counselor of the Board of Public Instruction in that city. He was editor of the departments of ecclesiastical and educational law in Reyscher's Sammlung der wiirttembcrgischcn Gesetze, vols, viii., ix.. and xi. (Tubingen, 1834-39), and published the work entitled Das Voll: Israel unter der Berr- schaft der Konige (1855-5(i), in which he en- deavors to show the great importance of biblical history as an educational factor. EISENLOHR, Wilhelm (1799-1872). A German physicist, born at Pforzheim. He stud- ied mathematics and physics at Heidelberg, and became professor of i)liysics at the Polytechnical Institute at Karlsruhe in 1840. He established the first industrial school of Baden, at Mann- heim, and assisted in the organization of all similai' institutions afterwards erected in that grand duchy. His ])rincipal publication is the popular text-book entitled Lehrhiich der Physik (11th ed.. 1870). EISENMENGER, i'zen-mgng'er, August (1830 — ). An Austrian painter, born in Vienna. He was a pupil of the Vienna Academy (1845-48) and of Rahl, and from 1872 to lOOlWas a pro- fessor in the. Academy. His more important works include various frescoes in the Austrian Museum at Vienna ; a series of historical pic- tures illustrative of the reign of Emporer Max- imilian I., in Castle Hiirnstein. near Vienna (1872-79); and the decorative painting in the session-room of the Chamber of Deputies in the Kcichsrat building at Vienna (1885). EISENMENGER, Joiia.nx A.ndbeas (1654- 1704). An anti-Semitic writer. He was born at Mannheim, studied Oriental languages at the Collegium Sapiential, in Amsterdam, and became professor at Heidelberg in 1700. His principal work was entitled Entdtcktes Juden- turn; though printed at Frankfort-on-the-Maiu, it was published at Kiinigslx-rg. Prussia, at ■ the personal expense of the King of Prussia, in 1711. It was compiled from nearly two hundred Hebrew and about twelve .ludco-German sources, while the author has drawn further material from books written by converted .Tews. The work has beeu characterized as a collection of scandals, in which the facts have been so treated as to serve the purpose of the author. EISENSTADT, i'zcn-stat, or KISMARTON. A town of Hungary, county of Edenburg, in the centre of rich vineyards, at the foot of the Leitha Mountains, about 25 miles south- east of Vienna. Its chief arcliitectural feature is the magnificent palace of Prince Esterhazy. erected in 1803 and greatly enlarged in 1805. The palace is situated amid line grounds, con- taining an orangery and fine greenhouses. Its library is particularly rich in musical manu- scripts. In the church of the Franciscan monas- tery is the burial vault of the Esterhazy family. Xcar the town is the Church of Jlaris-Einsiedel, a favorite resort of pilgrims, and the burial- place of the composer Joseph Haydn, who was the conductor of Prince Esterhazv's orchestra from 1760 to 1790. Population, in 1890, 2972; in 1900, 2951. EISENSTEIN, i'zcn-stin, Ferdinand Gott- HOLD Max. (1823-52). A German mathemati- cian, born in Berlin. He wrote for Crelle's Jour- nal at the age of fifteen, secured his doctor's de- gree after only three semesters at Breslau, was adjunct professor at that university at twenty- four, and was a member of the Berlin Academy at twenty-nine. Although he died before he was thirty, his literary work was extensive. He wrote on the theory of numliers. theory of functions, and other branches of higher mathematics, thirty- seven of his memoirs being foimd in the first fifty volumes of Crclle. Gauss ranked him with Archi- medes and Xewton. EISFELD, is'felt, Theodob (1816-82). A German-American musician and conductor. He was born at Wolfenbiittel, Germany, and when but twenty-three years of age was appointed kapellmeister of the Court Theatre of Wies- baden, which position he held for four years (1839-43), going afterwards to Paris, where he had the direction of the Concerts Yivienncs. In 1848 he moved to Xew York, and became one of the leading factors of musical America, taking an especially active part in the musical life of New York. He was the conductor of the Phil- harmonic and of the Harmonic .societies, and. in connection with XoU. Reyer, and Eichhorn. estab- lished the celebrated quartet soirees of 1851. A nervous affection caused by shock arising from the burning of the ocean .steamer Austria, of which he was one of the few survivors, cut him ofT from all further musical activity. He died at Wiesbaden. EISK. See Yeisk. EISLEBEN, is'lfi'ben. A town of the Prus- sian Province of Saxony, situated about 18 miles