Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/769

* EDWARDS. 671 tained its place as tlie generally aecopted theory among C'ongregatioiialists and "Xcw School' I'rcs- byterians lor well nigh a iciilury. His works were published at Andovor (IS42). in two vol- umes, with a memoir by Tryon Edwards. EDWARDS, .Matilda ]?etiia.m. See Betham- Edwauds, ^Iatilda. EDWARDS, PIERREPOXT (1750-1826). An American lamer, son of Jonathan Edwards, the theologian. He graduated at Princeton in 17GS, was admitted to the bar, began practice at Xew Haven, Conn., in 1771, and served in the Revo- lutionaiy Army. In 1787-88 lie was a member ot" the Continental Congress, and later became United Slates District .Tudge for Comiecticut. He founded the Toleration Party in Comiecticut, and his energj- in this cause made him hated by the colonists. After the treason of Benedict Ar- nold, he became administrator o' that officer's estate. EDWARDS, WiLLiAii (17701851). An American inventor, the grandson of Jonathan Edwards, the theologian. He was born in Elizabethtown, X. J. He introduced a valuable improvement in the maiiufaiture of leather, whereby tanning was accomplished in a quarter of the usual time. This and other improvements and machines introduced by him, including a roll- ing-machine, greatly advanced the production of leather in America. ED'WARDSVILLE. A city and county-seat of Madison County. HI.. 17 miles northeast of .Saint Louis. JIo.. on the Wabash, the Illinois Terminal, the Toledo, Saint Louis and Kansas City, and other railroads (.Map: Illinois. Bo). It is in an agricultural and coal-mining district, and has extensive manufactures of tools, plumb- ing supplies, brass finishings, singletrees, bug- gies, etc. The city has a -mail public library. Settled in 1812, Edwardsvilie was incorporated in 1819, and at present is governed under a char- ter of 1872, which provides for a niAyor. elected everv two vears, and a citv council. Population, in ISiin, 3.561: in 1901, 41o7. ED'WTN, or EADWINE (e.585-633). A king of Xortluimbria. He was the son of .Blla. King of Deira, and was only three years old on the death of his father, in 588. Deira was invaded by Ethelric, the King of Bernicia, and the infant Edwin was carried by his guardians into Xortli Wales, where he was brought up. Later he lived as an exile under the protection of Cearl, King of Mercia. and Rspdwald. tlie ruler ot East. glia. The latter in 617 raised an army, defeated and slew Ethelfrith. who had succeeded his father, Ethelric, and restored Edwin to his father's throne. Soon after his return to Deira. Edwin succeeded in reducing Bernicia, and established the Kingdom of X'ortliunibria. He speedily ex- tended his power over a large part of England, his authority stretching as far west as the islands of Anglesea and Man, and as far north as the town of Edinburgh, which he is believed to have fortified, and which still bears his name. Espe- cially after 620, when he defeated the West Saxon King, Edwin was suzerain |iiactically of all Eng- land save the Kingdom of Kent, willi whose ruler he was in alliance, having married the King's Bister, Ethelburh, in 625. Ethelburh was a Chris- tian, and owing to her influence and the exhor- tations of the missionary priest Paulinus. Edwin with his entire witan was brought over to Chris- EEKHOUD. tianity in 627. He had previously been acknowl- edged as Bretwalda, or leader of the English, and his power increased greatly after his conversion. In 633 IViida of Mercia, the most powerful prince in England after Edwin, and the chaiii|)ion of the old heathen religion, united w ith the elsh against the Xorthumbrian King, and on October 12, 033, indicted an overwhelming defeat upon him at Heathfield. Edwin himself was killed, the Kingdom of Xorthuiiibria fell apart, and Christianity for a time was extinguished in northern England. Consult tirceii, The Making of EiujUind (London and X'ew York, 1881). EDWIN AND AN'GELI'NA. A j.oem by Oliver lioldsmith, printed privately for the amusement of the Countess of X'orthuinberland late in 1765, and afterwards ])ublislied in the Vicar of Wakefield. The author has been un- justly accused of stealing it from Percy's Friar of Orders (Ire;/, and also of translatingit bodily from the French. EDWIN DROOD. See Mystery of Edwiit Dkoui). ED'WY, or EADWIG (?-959). A king of the English. He was the eldest son of Eadmund I. and succeeded his uncle Eadred in 955. Dun- stan l<|.v.) bitterly opposed his marrying .Elf- gifu. "because they were too near akin." and was banished from the kingdom for his pains; but not long afterwards he was recalled by the Mer- cians, who had revolted from Edwy and pro- claimed his brother Eadgar King. Edwy was forced to share the kingdom with his brother. He died October 1, 959. ' EECKHOUT, ak'hout, Gerbraxd van den (1021-741. . Dutch painter. He was born in Amsterdam and studied with Rembrandt, whose composition and coloring he imitated. In por- trait-painting Eeckhout had a sujjerior talent for expressing character,. iong his best paintings on historical subjects are: "The Adoration of the Magi" (Museum of The Hague), and "The Rais- ing of .Jairus's Daughter" (Berlin iluseum). EECLOO, aklo'. A to^vn of Belgium, in the Province of East Flanders. 11 miles northwest ot Ghent (ilap: Belgium, B 3). It has manu- factures of lace, cotton, and woolen fabrics. Population, in 1900. 13.034. EEDEN, a'den, Frederik va.v (1860 — ). A Dutch author. He was born in Haarlem, studied at the University of Amsterdam, and became a ]iracticing physician at Bussun. His De kiciiie Johannes (1887: German translation 1892), a story of animal life, attracted great attention. Others of his works are the important poems, Johannes Viator (1892) and Enkelc Verzen (1898). Several of his dramas have also been successfully presented. EEKHOUD, SkTiout. Georges (1854—). A Belgian novelist and poet, born in Antwerp. His early poems, Myrtes et cypres (1876), Ziijzags poHiques (1877). and Les pittoresqiies (1879), were romantic. His short stories (7i>r- messes. 1884) showed a trend to realism, ac- centuated in his first novel, Les miliees de Kaint- /■'™ H (-0 i',1 (1886), where the naive mysticism of Flemish peasant life is finely suggested. La nou- relle Carthage (1888). his masterpiece, is a real- istic picture of life in . twerp. X'oteworthy also are Les fiisHU's de Valines ( 1890), a story of the peasant revolt against the French in 1798, and La faiietise d'amour (1900).