Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/767

* EDWARDS. 669 EDWARDS. including the American Quarterly licffislcr from 1828 to 1842, anj the ttibliotliica Hacra from 1841 until his death. IIo was also a founder of the Society for Ameliorating the Condition of the Slave and of the American Missionary Association. As a scholar and educator lie was very highly ranked. His published works in- clude: Till- Missionarii dazctlccr (1832) : The Biography uf Helf-Tuiiyhl Men, nilh an liitroiiuv- tory Lssay (1832) ; a Memoir of Herereitd Elias Cornelius (1833) ; Classical Studies: Essays on Ancient Literature and Art, icith the Biography and Correspondence of Eminent Philologists (1843), with B. Sears and C. C. Felton, and a translation (with S. H. Taylor; 7lh ed. 18tiO) of Raphael Kiiliner's Schulyrammatik der grie- chisehen ^pnnhe (Hanover. 1S3G). Two volumes of liis addresses and sermons were published, with a uieiiioir by Park (Boston, 1S53). EDWARDS, Bryan- (17431800). A West Indian nuichant and author. He was born at Westbury, Wiltshire, and went to Jamaica in 1759, where he soon became a prosjjerous mer- chant. As a member of the Colonial Assembly he advocated closer commercial relations with the United States. In 1792 he returned to Kng- land, established a bank at Southampton, and was elected to the House of Commons. His prin- cipal literary production is the History of the British Colonies in the West Indies (5th ed. 1819. translated into German and partlj- also into Spanish). He also wrote a History of Saint Domingo (1807; translated into French). EDWARDS, Geokok Wh.rtox ( 1859— ). An American painter and illustrator, born at Fair- haven, Conn. He studied in Antwerp and Paris, and after his return to America exhibited fre- quently. He is the author of Thumbnail Sketches ( 1886), P'tit Matinic Mon-otones ( 1887 ) , The Rivalries of Long and Short Codiac (1888), and Break o' Day ( 1889). His work as an illus- trator for the best magazines in America is well known, and his water-colors show daintiness and delicacy of finish. EDWARDS, Hakrt Stillweli. ( 1855— ) . An American journalist, novelist, and poet, born at Macon, Ga. He was a graduate in law of Mercer University, Macon (1877); served as assistant editor and editor of Macon journals ( 1881-88), gaining distinction as a writer of dialect stories. Noteworthy among his volumes are Two Runateays and Other Stories (1889); The Marhean Cousins: and Sons and Fathers, a story that won a prize of .$10,000 in the Chicago Record. Mr. Edwards is strongest in studies of plantation life, as well among the Georgian aris- tocracy as among the negro laborers. EDWARDS, Henry Sutherlaxd (1828—). An Engli^li journalist and authcrif. born in Lon- don, and educated in that city and in France. He was correspondent of the London Times at the coronation of Alexander II. of Russia (185G); in the camp of the insurgents at Warsaw (1862- 63); at Luxembourg (1807); and at German army headquarters during the Franco-Prussian War. He i< distinguished as a journalist, po- litical writer, drani.ntic historian, and novelist. His putilications include; The Russians at Home and the Russians Abroad (2d ed. 1870) ; T'ri- rate History of a Polish Insurrection (1864); The riermans in France (1874); The Prima Dontttf: Her History and Surroundings from the Seventeenth to the yineteenth Century (2 vols., 1888); ilalvina, a novel (3 vols., 1871); Duti- ful Daughters: A Tale of London Life, a novel (1890) ; and Personal Recollections (1900). EDWARDS, JoxATKAX (the elder) (1703- 58 I . rill- must celebrated early American divine and metaphysician. He was born at East Wind- sor, Conn., October 5, 1703. He was a precocious child, and at thirteen was ready for college, and entered Vale. Here his mind turned most readily to the profounder studies, and when he graduated, in 1720, he had already arrived at those great leading principles wiiich formed the staple of his later thinking and constitute his chief contribution to the thought of his age. He was deeply read in Locke, and probably in Leibnitz, Malebranehe, Cumberland, and Hulche- son, possibly also in Berkeley. After gradua- tion he was for a time tutor in his college. In 1727 he was ordained and installed colleague with his grandfather. Rev. Solomon Stoddard, in Xorlhampton. Mass.. where he continued till dismissed in 1750. In 1734 he preached a course of sermons upon justiticatiou by faith, in which he advocated Calvinistic views in a community that had fallen largely under the influence of Arminianism. The result was a revival in his parish, the prelude to the "Great Awakening' of 1740 md the following years, in which Edwards was a leader. The town of Northampton was transformed, but in the coimtry at large the value and genuineness of the revival was much questioned, and Edwards was therefore led into an elaborate defense of it in his treatise Faithful yarrative, etc. (1736). Other works of this period are directly or indirectly connected with the revival; Distinguishing Harks of a M'ork of the Spirit of God ( 1741 ) ; Thoughts on the Re- vival of Religion (1742) ; and The Religious Af- fections (1746), his chief work in experimental religion. He had now become a power through- out Xew England and had acquired a well- founded fame even in England. But the regular progress of his life was to be rudely interrupted. It had lieen the custom under his predecessor to admit persons not of scandalous life, but not professing conversion, to the Lord's Table as a means of grace. Ed- wards became convinced by the experiences of the revival that this practice, so contrary to the original theory and practice of Xew England, was mischievous, and that no one ought to be admitted to membership in the church or to the communion who was not by personal profession and in 'the judgment of a rational charity' a true believer in .Tesus Christ. As this position involved an application of an ecclesiastical dis- cipline to which the parish had long been un- accustomed, and as it afl'ected jiersonally in- dividuals of great prominence and inlluence in the town, the position which Edwards took aroused the most violent opposition. He was not even allowed to explain his position in the pulpit, and was obliged to print his defense {Qnalificaiions for Full Communion) . which was read by few. In 1750 he was dismissed by coim- cil. His prospects were thus apparently ruined; but in fact the period of his greatest activity, in which he laid the foundation of his enduring fame, was thus ushered in. He obtained an appointment as missionary to the Indians at Stockbridge, which he held for the following eight Years. In the quiet of this secluded spot