Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/765

* EDWAKD VI. 667 EDWARD. Xorthuniberlnnd. He was (judging from his dying declaration) a Catholic, but took no action to reestablish the old religion. His great aim ■was to secure the succession to the throne of England lor his family. With tliis view he mar- ried his son. Lord IJuildfurd Dudley, to Lady Jane Grey, daughter of the Durlioss of SulTolk, to whom' Henry VIIL had willed the crown in default of issue by Edward. iLiry, or Elizabeth. Xortliumberland worked upon the consumptive and dying Edward to exclude llary and Eliza- beth on the groiuid of illegitimacy, and to nom- inate Lady .Tanc Grey as his successor. Edward ' consented, and a document settling the succession on this lady was drawn up in June, 1553. The King lived only a few weeks after, dying on July 6. Edward's educational accomplishments were somewhat discounted by shrewdness and a liardness of character, which were exemplified by marked callousness Avhen signing the death warrants of Seymour and Somerset. Edward VI. restored many of the grammar schools suppressed by Henry VIIl. These schools are still known as King Edward's schools. Consult: Nichol, Liter- aril Rcinains of Edirant VI. (2 vols., London, 185") ; Gasquet and Bishop, Edicard VI. and the Book of Conniwii Prayer (London, 1891); Haward. Life and Raigne of King Edward the Silt (London. 130). EDWARD VII. ( 1S41— ) . King of the Unit- ed Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and of all the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India. Tlie second child and eldest son of Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort Albert (q.v.). He was born in Buckingham Palace, London, on November 9. 1841. and was christened Albert Edward. He succeeded his mother on January- •22, 1901. At his birth he was created Prince of Wales, and by virtue of that dignity he became also Knight of the Garter. As heir apparent to the British throne he suc- ceeded to the title of Duke of Cornwall and its emoluments. As heir to the crown of Scot- land he became Great Steward of Scotland. Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, and Lord of the Isles. On September 10. 1849, he was created Earl of Dublin, a title con- ferred on him and his heirs in perpetuity. Ad- ditional titles and commands borne by him are: Duke of Saxony, colonel of the Tenth Hussars, colonel-in-chief of the Rille Brigade, field-mar- shal of the British Army (1875). also of the German Army (1883). He received an elaborate and carefully planned education under four pri- vate tutors, and subsequently under Baron Stock- mar and Charles Kingsley. He spent a session at Edinlmrgh University, a year at Oxford, and four terms at Cambridge. In IStiO he traveled through Canada and the United States. In .Tune, 18(il. he joined the army at the Curragh Camp, Ireland. The next year he uuide a tour of the Orient, accompanied by Dean Stanley of West- minster, and visited Jerusalem and other places of biblical interest. In Februarj-. 18(>3. his public life was formally begun, when, as heir to the throne, he took his seat in the House of Lords, and on- ilarch 10th of the same year he married Princess .Mexandra Caroline Mary Charlotte Louis.a .Tulia. eldest <laughter of King Christian IX. of Denmark, bom DecemVx-r 1. 1844. They have had six children: (1) Prince Altx'rt Victor Christian Ed- ward, Duke of Clarence and Avondale, born ^o.. VI.— «3. January 8, 18G4: died January 14, 1892. (2) Prince George Frederick Ernest Albert, Prince of Wales, formerly Duke of York, the present heir apparent, born June 3, 1865; married Princess May of Teck. July 0, 1893. (3) Princess Louisa 'ictoria Alexandra Dagmar, born February 20, 1SG7; married, July 27, 1889. to the Earl, afterwards Duke, of Fife. (4) Princess Vic- toria -Alexandra Olga Mary, born July (i. 1868. (5) Princess ilaude Charlotte Mary Victoria, born Xovember 26, 1869; nuirried, .July 22. 1890, to Prince Charles of Denmark. (6) Prince Alex- ander John Charles Albert, born April 6, 1871, who died the next day. Typhoid fever seriously threatened the Prince's life in 1S72, and his recovery was celebrated with a thanksgiving and enthusiasm through- out the Kingdom and Empire that testified to his wide popularity. In 1874 he was elected and installed with elaborate ceremony as Grand- Master of the Freemasons. He made an extended tour through the Indian Empire in 1875-76, and was received evervnvhere with lavish and magnificent hospitality and every expression of loyalty. During the "long years of his prince- hood his public duties consisted solely in the arduous oflice of representation, a toil and tax of a nature not sufficiently appreciated lie- cause not understood. A liberal patron of art and science, he manifested a lively interest in exhibitions, charitable institutions, the housing of the poor, agriculture, etc. He assisted in pro- moting the Royal College of Music, and the Im- perial Institute is due to his suggestion. He carefully abstained from participation in politics, and from all action which could be construed into preference of one party over another. He culti- vated the most friendly relations with public men, whatever their opinions might be. and he was equally courteous to all. At peculiar crises of public opinion, his visits to Mr. Gladstone, ilr. Bright, and other prominent members of the Liberal Party did much to counterbalance in the public mind the Queen's preference for her Con- servative ministers. All preparations for the coronation had been made for .June 26, 1902, when disquieting rumors of the King's ill health, which had been current for several days previously, were confirmed by the postponement of the ceremonies and the an- nouncement of perityphlitis as the cause of his illness. He underwent an operation on the 24th of .June and after some weeks of great anxiety recovered. The adjourned coronation took place on August 9, 1902. With the exception of William IV., he is the oldest monarch who has ascended the throne of England since Egbert. Consult: The Private Life of King Edward VII. (Xew York, 1901) ; Life of the King, by 'One of His Majesty's Ser'ants' (London, 1901) ; from Cradle to frown (London, 1902). EDWARD, THE Bi..cK Puince (so named from the color of his armor) (1330-76). The eldest son of Edward III. of England. He was created Duke of Cornwall in his seventh year, and a year later, during the absence of his father, who was embarking on his war against France, was appointed nominal guar- dian of the kingdom. He held this oflice again in 1340 and 1342. and was created Prince of Wales in 1343. Three years later he accompanied his father to France, and in the battle of Crecy (q.v.) led the most gallant division of the army.