Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/701

* EB£BS. 611 EBONY. country place at Tutziiig, uoar Munivh, aud there he diod. An excellent sketch o£ El)ers by the historian Eduard ileycr is to be Iiiund iu liioffraphisclits Jaliibuch uiui deutscher Sckroloy, voi. iii. (Berlin. IS'JS). EBEKSWALDE, a'bers-val'dc. A town of the Prussian Province of Brandenburg, situated on the Kiuow Canal, about 27 miles north- northeast of Berlin (Hap: Prussia, E 2). It has become a favorite summer resort on account of its delightful situation, in the midst of tine groves and pine forests. It has mineral springs. It is an industrial c-entre, having extensive manu- factures of railway ears and locomotives, horse- shoe nails, roofing, felt, and cement. Popula- tion, in 18!)0, 16,U4; in I'JOO, -ZlMVi). EBEKT, a'bert, Adolf (1820-90). A German philologist, born at Cassel. He studied at Mar- burg, Leipaig, Giittingen, and Berlin, became professor at iMarburg, and in lSli2 professor of Romance philology at Leipzig. From 1862 to 1873 he .also held "the chair of English philology. His most important work is his XUyemcine Ge- schkhlc der Littcratur dcs MittclaUcrs uii Abendlaiide (1874-87). In 1859 he established with Ferdinand Wolf the Jahrbucli fiir ro- manisclic uiid ciinlische Litlenilur, to the first five volumes of which he contributed. His study was directed chiefly toward an examination of the connection between the Romance literature of the Middle Ages and the Latin and German literature of the same period. EBEKT, Karl EGOjr (1801-82). An Austrian poet. lie was bom at Prague, and w.is educated there and at Vienna, and after filling several positions settled in Prague. His chief works are his Dic/i/HH.'/en (1824; 3d ed. 184,5): ^ylasta, ein biihmisch-nationales Heldcnr/cdicht in drei Hiichcrn (1829); and Das Kloslrr, idtilUsche Erziihlunff in fiinf Gcaangtn (1833); Bretislaw und .hilla (1835): a collection of sonnets en- titled "Ein Denkmal fiir Karl Egou, Fiirsten von Fiirstenberg" (1855); and the didactic poem "Fromme (Jedanken eines weltlichcn Mannes" (1859). He likewise wrote a large nun)l)er of dramas, of which Das Geliihde was the best. His poetical works were published in seven volumes (1877). EBEETH, alwrt. Kabl .Josef (1835—). A German bacteriologist and anatomist. He was born at Wiirzburg, studied at the university there, became professor of pathological anatomy at Zu- rich in 18G5. and in 1S81 was called to a similar chair at Ilalle. The results of his anatomical researches, including "Uel>er tlen Peitschenwurm" (18.59) and "rcber Nematoden" (1803), ap- peared chielly in Rudolph Vircliow's .irrhit- fiir patholofiixrhc Anntomie. His investigations as a l)act(*rinlogist have to do principally with the bacillus of typhoid fever. EBINGEN, ;'i'b!ng-en. A town in Wiirttemberg, GeritKiiiy. .{7 miles sovith of Tfitiingen liy rail, sit- uated amid lieautifnl hill scenery. It has m.anu- factures of woolens, clothing, etc. Population, in 1900. 9001. EBIONITES, e'bi-6-nIts (Lat. Ehionit(P,fTnm Heb. 'iliiimiim. poor). A name originally desig- nating all Christians, contemptuously applied to them on account of their poverty. Later the name was employed, because of its Hebrew ori- gin, to designate Christians of .Jewish blood. .Still later, when Jewish Christians had sepa- rated from the great body of the Church and displayed heretical tendencies, the name was ap- propriated to them. Isolated as they now were, they fell into a number of sectarian divisions, to one of which in particular the term was sometimes cimlined (in distinction from another sect calleil the 'Xazarenes') . Iren.eus describes the Ebionites as Jewish Christians who hold to the -Mosaic law, reject Paul as an apos- tate, and employ the Gospel of Jlatthew, but re- ject the miraculous birth, and regard Christ a.9 a mere man. Origen styled all Jewish Chris- tians Ebionites, and distinguished two classes, one of which accepted and the other denied the virgin birth. The most detailed accounts are found in Epiplianius. Against Heretics. They lingered in Palestine and Syria till the fifth cen- tury, but were few and unimportant after the second. See Clement OF Alexa:<uria; Essenes; Old Catuoucs. EB'XIS. See lous. EBNER-ESCHENBACH, ab'ner esh'cn-bJlG, ^iLvKiE, Baroness von (1830 — ). An Austrian novelist, dramatist, and poet. Born a Countess Dubsky at Castle Zdislawitz, Moravia, she married, in 1848, an Austrian officer, who died in 1898. She lived alternately at her birthplace and in Vienna. Her first publica- tions are dramas now unimportant. Her fiction, which attracted immediate attention, begins with Erziihlungen (1875). Tliis was followed by Boiena (1876) ; .Veite Erziihlungcn (1878) : Dorf- und Schlossgeschichten (1884) ; Zivei Com lessen (1885); eue Dorf- und Schlossgesehiclilen (1886); Das Gemeindekind (1887); Lotti die TJhrmacherin (1889); Ein kleiner Roman (1889) ; Miterlebtes (1890) ; Vnsiihnbar (1890) ; Margarete (1891); Drei ^ovcllcn (1892); Glauhenslos? (1893); Dns Sehlidliche and Die Totenwacht (1894); I'ittineister Brand and Bertram .Vogelweid (1890) ; AUe Sehide (1897).; Alts S/idtherbstlagen (1901). Baroness Ebner- Eschenbach wrote also a popular collection of Aphorismhi (1880), and verses collected as Parabeln. Miirchen und Gediehtc (1892). Six volumes of her desammelte Scliriffe)! were pub- lished in 1893. Her work is distinguished for its power of description, its psychcjogical in- sight, its humor, wit, and polished precision of style. Her .s«'nse of proportion in novelistic construction has also been highly praised. For her bioirraphv, consult: Xecker (Berlin, 1900), and Uettelheim (ib., 1900). EBOLI, oh'i-U (Lat. Ebura). A city in South Italy, 50 miles southeast of Naples (Map: Italy, K 7). It is picturesquely situated on a hill a few miles from the (Julf of Salerno, of which it has a magnificent view. From it the prin<M"ly House of Eboli was named. Population, in 1901, 12,407. EBOLI, Anxa nE Mexuoza, Princess of ( 1540- 92). A Spanish courtier, with the further titles of Duchess of Francavilla and Princess of Melito. She wa.s a prominent and inthiential figure at the Court of Philip II. of Spain, and played a conspicuous role in many of the intrigues of the time. She is best known as .a character in Schiller's drama Don Carlos. EE'DNTT (older form ebon, OF, ebrnc. I-at. ebcnus. Gk. ejid'os. eheno.<i, ebony; probably of Sem. origin: cf. Heb. pi. hfibnim, ebony, lit. dark, ultimately probably of Egv'ptian origin).