Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/698

* EAXI DE COLOGNE. 608 EBE. claimed that the best foreign eaux de Colojiiie are obtained b_v distillation, the purpose of which is to secure a perfect blending of the perfumes, but in this country the same result is generally accomplished by allowing the mixture to stand until the desired ellect is obtained. EAU DE JAVELLE,/luVvel' (Fr., Javelle water, from JiivcUc. near Paris), or Javelle Water. A solution of hypochlorite of ])otash, which is used to remove stains from linen or muslin and frcJin white marble. Practically it is adulterated with bicarbonate of potash. It is poisonovis. EAUX-BONNES, o'Ixhl'. A w.atering-place in the Department of Basses Pyrenees. France. 20 miles south-southeast of Oloron (Map: France, F 9). It is picturesquely situated in a narrow gorge surrounded with rocks at the junction of two mountain streams. There are seven hot sulphur springs, used mainly for drinking, and considered of special etlicacy for throat diseases and consumi)tion. The place contains a number of fine hotels, and is visited annually by about six thousand guests. Permanent po])iilation. in 1901, 708. A short distance from Eaux-Bonnes is situated a smaller watering-place, Kaux- Chaudes, with sulphur springs, used mainly for bathing. EAUX-CHAUDES, shod'. See Eaux- Box>.r:s. EAVESDROPPING, or Eavesdrip. In the law of real ]ir(ppcrty, the right to permit rain- water falling upon one's roof to drop from the eaves upon the adjoining land of anotlicr. This is not a natural right inhering in lands, like the right of lateral support, but is in the nature of an easement, which may, like the easement of ancient lights, be acquired by prescription, or immemorial user, or by grant. It is a form of the easement of drainage. The right is not lost by changes in the roof or in the height of the house to which it attaches, so long as the drip from the eaves is not thereby substantially in- creased or varied. It was recognized at the Koman law as the urban servitude of stillici- divm. See Drainage; Easement; Servitude. The term cnrcxdroppinii is also employed in a derivative sense in the criminal law of England and the United States to describe a form of nuisance, punishable as a misdemeanor (q.v.). It consists in secretly loitering about a building with intent to overliear discourse therein, and to repeat and publish it to the annoyance, vex- ation, or injury of others. See the authorities referred to un<ler Criminal Law, and the stat- utes of the various States. EAVES-JSW ALLOW, Cliif-Swallow, or Re- PriJLK AN SWAI.I.OW. Sil' Bai!x-Swai.i.ow. EBAL, e1)al, and GERIZIM, gerT-zim. Two mountains of Palestine significant in Hebrew tradition ' in connection with the blessing and cursing of the people (Deut. xi. 29, xxvii. 11-26; Joshua, viii. 3.3-4). They are situated in central Samaria, separated by a narrow valley about 200 yards wide, in which stands the town of Nabulus (Neai)olis, the ancient Shechem), which is still the metropolis of the Samaritans. They rise to an elevation of .3077 feet and 2840 feet respec- tively, and are known at the present day as Jcbel Sulemiyeh and .lebel et-Tur. The Samari- tans erected a temple on Mount Gerizim prob- ably in the fourth century before Christ. It was destroyed by llyrcanus about two hundred years later, but the mountain continued to be held sacred. A rivalry between the .Jerusalem and the Samaritan cults is a feature of post- e.xilie Jewish history and continues to the days of Jesus. The narrative of the blessing and cursing in Deuteronomy is thought by many to be a late addition to the book rellecting the Jewish side of this controversy. The Hebrew te.xt of Deut. xxvii. 4-8 enjoins the l)uilding of an altar to Jehovah on Mount Elial, ami the plac- ing there of larger stones inscribed with the law. This injunction according to the Samaritan text refers to Gerizim. Two explanations of the dis- crepancy are possible. Either the Hebrew is correct and the Samaritan an intentional altera- tion to justify the building of the temple on (ierizim, or the Samaritan is correct and the Hebrew an early change to deprive this temple of its scriptural supjiorl. The former view is generally held by modern scholars, but there is much to be said in favor of the latter. If the law which the Samaritans recognized ordained the construction of a sanctuary on Mount Ebal, it is dilficult to see why they should deliberately have chosen the other mountain; while it is quite apparent why the mention of Gerizim as a spot divinely selected for a sanctuary in a l)ook that never refers to .Jerusalem l)y name should have caused a Jewish scribe to correct it as an error. In either ca.se the injunction is singularly out of harmony with the centralizing tendency of the code, and seems to point to a firmly rooted tradition. It was to Gerizim and the controversy between Jews and Samaritans coneeming its sanctity that the 'woman of Samaria' referred in her conversation with Jesus (John iv. 201). The Samaritans claim that Gerizim was the scene of. the .attempted sacrifice of Isaac (Oen. xxii.), and on this mount they still perform the yearly paschal sacrifice. See Samaritans. EBB. See Tide. EBBON, e.b'b(->N' (77.5-850). A French arch- bishop. He was the foster-brother of Louis le D<^bonnaire, scm of Charlemagne, and was created Archbishop of Rheims by that prince. He made three voyages to Denmark and helped to estab- lish Christianity there. 'Tien TiOthaire revolted against his father the Archbishop took his ]iart. Upon the King's return to power Ebbon fell into disgrace, and it was not until Lothaire became Emperor that he attempted to regain his bishop- ric. The Pope refused to reinstate him and he took refuge with Louis of Bavaria, and was made by him Bishop of Hildesheim in Saxony. EBBW VALE, fb'br>r; val. A town of '^^on- mouthshire, England, about miles west-south- west of Abergavenny, in the centre of a coal and iron mining district (Map: England. D 5). Population, in 1891. 17,300; in 1901. 21,000. EBE, :11)c. GrsTAV (1S34— ). A German ar- chitect, born at Halberstadt. He studied in Ber- lin, and then traveled in France and Italy. In company with .lulius liiMula. with whom he was associated in Berlin, he executed plans for the Vienna Kathaus. which obtained the first prize in competition, but were not executed. He was later active in Berlin, where he designed nu- merous structures, including the Tiele-Winckler I J