Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/696

* EATON. 606 EATON. major-general. He was retired from active ser- vice in 1874. EATON, Charles Warren (1857 — ). An Ainorican landscape painter.. He was born in Albany, X. V.. and studied at the National Acad- emy of Design and at the Art Students' League in New York City. His work, both in oil and ■water-color, has often a poetic charm, and is truthful in drawing and color. In lilOO he re- ceived honorable mention at the Paris Exposi- tion. EATON, Daniel Cady ( 1834-95). An Ameri- can botanist. He was born at Fort Gratiot, Mich.; studied at Yale and Harvard, and was professor of botany at Yale from 18G4 until his death. He contributed to Gray's Manual, and to Chapman's Flora of the Southern States, the parts relating to ferns, and published The Ferns of Xorth America (1878-79). EATON, DoRjiAN Bridcmax (1823-99). An Americun lawyer and civil service reformer. He was boru in Hardwick, Vt. ; was educated at the University of Vermont and the Harvard Law School, and began the practice of law in New York in 1850. In 18G0 he drafted the law which established the Board of Health for New Y'ork City, and also that creating the municipal police courts. I'pon the establishment of the first Civil Service Commission in 1873 he was appointed one of the commissioners by President Grant. He drafted the National Civil Service Act (the Pendleton Act) which became a law in 1883, and was appointed by President Arthur a mcml)er of the now commission. He resigned at the end of Artliur's term, but was reappointed by President Cleveland and served until 1886. He published (Uvil Gorernment in Great Britain (1880); The Independent Movement in New York (18S0); The Term and Tenure of Office (1882); The I'rohlem of Police Legislation (1895); and The Government of ilunicipalities (18!i;ii. EATON, John (1829 — ). An American edu- cator. He was born in Sutton, N. H., in 1829; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1854. In 1859 he entered Andover Theological Seminary. and in 18G1 was appointed chaplain of tlie Twenty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry. In 18G5 Eaton was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers. He was one of the organizers of the Freedman's Bureau, and was the first assistant conmiissioner. He edited the Memphis Post in 18GG-G7, and was State Superintendent of Schools for Tennessee from 1807 to 1869. In 1871 he was appointed Commissioner of the United States Bureau of Education, which he completely reorcanized and placed on a modern footing. In 1886 he accepted the presidency of Marietta College, Ohio, which he held until 1891. In 1895 he became president of Sheldon Jackson College at Salt Lake City, Utah, and in 1898 was appointed Inspector of Education for the island of Porto Ttico. EATON, John Henry (1790-18.56). An American legislator. He was born in Tennessee, and after studying law devoted himself to prac- tice at the bar in Nashville. He was Secretary of War from 1829 to 1834. in which year he was appointed Governor of Florida. In 1836 he became Minister to Spain. His Life of An- drcir .Inch-son (18241 is i)ased upon a long and close personal friendship with that statesman. EATON, Margaret (O'Neill), best known as Peggy O'Neill (c.1796-1879). The wife of J. H. Eaton (q.v. ), Secretary of War under Presi- dent Jacksou. She was the daughter of a Washington tavern-keeper. About 1823 she mar- ried a man named Timberlake, a purser in the United States Navy, who in 1828 counnitted suicide while on duty in the Mediterranean. In January, 1829, she was married to Jlajor J. H. Eaton (q.v.). who soon afterwards entered Presi- dent Jackson's Cabinet as Secretary of War. Various charges were brought against her in connection with her alleged conduct toward Major Eaton himself while slie was still .Mrs. TimberhiUe. On this account the wives of other Cabinet members and Washington society gener- ally refused to recognize her. Jackson, an old friend of both !Mr. and ilrs. Eaton, endeavored to break down the opposition against her, and even seems to have threatened to remove several of the Secretaries should their wives remain obdurate; but his elVorts met with little success, and partly for this reason Jackson eircctid an almost complete reorganization of his Cabinet. Politically the incident was chiellv significant from the fact that it helped to strengthen the friendsliip betwei>n .Tackson and Van Bnren, who had ostentatiously befriended Mrs. Eaton, and to alienate Jackson and Calhoun, then Vice- President, whose wife had jjersistently refused to recognize Jlrs. Eaton socially, and thus to assure the nomination of tlie former in prefer- ence to the latter for the Presidency by the Democratic Party in 1836. In later years Jlrs. Eaton is said to have been exceedingly po]nilar in the society of Madrid while her husband was Minister of the United States to Spain. Some time after the death of her husband (1856) she married a young Italian dancing master, An- tonio Buchignani, then only about twenty years old, from wliom she eventually secured .a divorce. Consult : Parton. IJfe of Andrctc Jaelcson, vol. iii. (New Yni-k. 1800) : and an article, "Margaret O'Neill Eaton," in the International Revictr, vol. viii. (New York, 1880). EATON, TiiEOPnn.rs (c.1591-1658). An Eng- lish merchant, one of the founders and the first Governor of the Colony of New Haven, lie was liorn in Stony Stratford. Buckinghamshire, Eng- land, the son of a nnnister: became a pros- perous merchant; was chosen deputy-governor of the East Land Company, and lived for several years in Denmark as an agent of Charles I. After his return he settled in London, where he was a member of the Puritan congregation of the Rev. John Davenport (q.v.), and in 1G37 ac- companied his pastor to Massacluisetts. of whose charter he had been one of the original patentees. Late in the same year he selected ,a site for a new settlement, and early in 1638 he and D.iven- port with a small number of followers founded the town and Colony of New Haven (q.v.). In October, 1639. a government was regularly or- ganized, and Eaton was chosen chief magistrate, to which position he was annually reelected until iiis death. He was one of the ortranizers of the New England Confederation in 1643: and drew up (1655), with the aid of Davenport, the code of laws which have become known as the New Haven Bine Laws. Consult: Moore. "'Memoir of Theophilus Eaton," in Cnllrclions of the New Yorlc Historical Societii, 2d series, vol. ii. (New