Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/690

* EAST INDIA COMPANY. 602 EASXLAKE. till 1121, the alVairs of the coraijaiiy piosiiered. In 1087, however, the company lost its privilege of trade with China, and in 1719 it was united with the "Conipagnie des Indes Occidentales" and the "Compagnic de la Chine," into the "Com- pagnic des Indes." The united company was one of the schemes of Law. and its stocks shared the fate of his specu- lations. (See Missi.s.sii"i'i Binm.K.) In 1730 it was deprived of the trailc with Africa: in 1731 ot the traiU' willi Louisiana; and in 1736 of the coll'ee trade with America. But the company prospered in India under the able governor Dumas (1735-41), who. by taking advantage of the quarrels among the natives, greatly extended its ])ossessions and influence. Equally successful was his illustrious successor Dupleix (1741-54), ably sup|)orte(l in military matters by La Bour- donnais (((.v.). NDtwithstaiuling his able con- duct of all'airs against the Englisli. he was re- called in 1753. ami uiisiiijported by the borne Government, the colony was unable to maintain itself against Clive. (Sec the account of the English Company given above.) The activity of the French Company was suspended by royal decree in 179, and in the following year it turned over its capital, amounting to over 500,- 000.000 livres. to the King. In 1785 a new com- pany, with commercial privileges only, was es- tablished, luit it was dctinitcly abolished by the Convention in 17S4. Danish E.st India Company. After unsuc- cessful attempts in IGKi and 1634, a Danish company was established in 1729 by King Fred- crick IV. Unfettered by the trade restrictions under which the other companies labored, it be- came at the end of the eighteenth century one of the principal trading companies of Europe. Its prosperity declined with the advance of the Eng- lish Empire in India, and it was ruined in the war between (Jrcat Britain and DcMniark in 1801. Its possessions, of which Tranqucbar and Seram- pur were the chief, were sold to Great Britain in 1845. BiiiLiOGiiAPiiy. For information concerning the English Company cimsult : Charlcr.s (Iraiihd to the East India Comjmny from 1601: Trea- ties and drants from Die Princes of India from 17o(l to 1812 (London, n.d.) : The Law Relatinq to India and the East India Com- pany (London, 1841) ; Stevens. Dawn of British Trade to the East Indies (London. 1886), con- sisting of reprints of the minutes of the com- pany's meetings during the early period. The standard work on the subject is J. Bruce, Annals of the East India Company (London. 1810); J. A. ^lills. nistory of liritish India, ed. by H. H. Wilson (London. 1858). is .also valii able. An excellent brief modern account from the economic standpoint is W. Cunningham. Groirth of Eii'iUsh Iniliislrii and Trade in Mod- ern Times (Cambridge. 1802). 26-20. 125-32. 267- 78, 532-70, 503-97. Dr. Macpherson. Annals of Commerce (London. 1805). is useful and stand- ard. Consult, also: W. T. Raynal. A Philosophi- cal and Political IHstori/ of the Hettlement and Trade in the East and West Indies (London. 1777); and J. Macpherson, The History and Manaqement of the East India Company (Lon- don. i779). For the foundation of the' DuTOn Company consult V;in dor Chijs. Op fllithlinfi der Oost- Indisehe Conipaniiii (I.eyden, 1857) : for its early laws, 'er::umeling van instruclies, ordonnancien en rcijlemenlen roor de regeering van Xeder- lanschlndie (Batavia, 1848). General historie^i of the company and its career are those of Van Kampen (Haarlem. 1S31-33) : Mcinsma (Delft, 1872-73) ; l.auls (Groningen. l,S53-66) ; Teruogt ( Hoorn, 1891) ; Ifcventer (The Hague, 1880-87) ; .longe (ib.. 1880-1895). For informati<m about the French Company consult Castonnet des Fosses, L'Inde fran^aise in ant Dupleix (Paris, 1887) ; Dufresne de Fran- cheville, Histoire de la Compagnie des Indes (Paris. 1746). EAST INDIA HOUSE. The home of the E:ist liidi:i t iimpuiiy, on l.eadenhall Street, Lon- don, removed in 1862. Its noted nuiseuni was removed to Fife House, Whitehall, and in 1880 was placed under the management of the South Kensington Museum. Charles Lamb. James .Mill, and .John Stuart Mill held clerkships in the East India House. EAST IN'DIES. . term vaguely applied to the southeastern part of .sia. embracing India in the broader sense and the Malay Peninsula, and the islands in the Malay Archipelago, to- gether with the Philippines. (See accompanying map.) The name 'Indies' originated in the fif- teenth century, and its meaning was afterwards extended to include the newl.y discovered lands in the New World. Later a distinction was made between the West and East Indies. See Ditch Ea.st Indies. EASTINGS. See Sailings. EAST LAKE. A town in Jefferson County, Ala., about six miles northeast of Birmingham (Map: Alabama. C 2). Howard College (Bap- tist), opened in 1841. is situated here. Popula- tion, about 3000. EAST'LAKE, Sir Charles Lock (17931865). An English historical painter, horn at Plymouth, .Vovember 17. 1793. the youngest >.on of (ieorge Eastlake. solicitor to the Admiralty and judge- advocate of Plymouth. He studied in the schoola of the Royal Academy in 1809. and also under Haydon. As early as 1810 the lad's designs attracted attention, and a commission was given him by .Jeremiah llaimon. the suliject being "The Raising of .Jairus's Daughter." In 1815 East- lake was in Paris, studying and copying pictures from the Louvre, but he left on March 19. 1815, and was at Plymouth when Napoleon arrived there on board the liellerophon. In 1817 he went to Italy, and in 1819 to Greece. Aftej- wards he returned to Rome, and there spent fourteen years. He devoted himself chiefly to landscape painting and landscape with figures of Italian peasantry. He lived principally in Rome until he was elected an .cadcmici;in in 1830. when he settled in London. In 1823 ho sent to the Royal Academy three views of Rome, one of which. "Tbc Spartan Isidas." now in possession of the Duke of Devon- shire, was especially noticed. In 1841 Eastlake was appointed secretarr to the Royal Commis- sion for decorating the Houses of Parliament, and in 1842 Librarian to (he Royal ,cadeniy; in 1843 Keeper of the National Gallery. In 1850 he wa* knighted and elected president of the Royal .cademy. From that time until his death he was chiefly engaged in selecting pictures to be bought by the Government for the National Gallerv. He "died in Pisa. Decemher 23, 1865.