Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/672

* EAItLE. 584 EARLY. include frequent contriliutions to agricultural magazines. EARLE, Puny (180!)-92). An American psy- cliiatrist, born at Leicester, Alass. He received his medical education at the Universitj' of Penn- sylvania, graduating in 1837; was a resident phj'sician at Friends' Asylum for the Insane, Frankford, Pa., from 1840 to 1844; superin- tendent of Blooiningdale .sylum. New York t'ily, from 1844 to 18.').'{; visitinfr ])hysician to the New York City .sylum, Blackwell's Island, from 185;i to 1804; professor of materia mcilica and p.sychology in the Berksliire Jledical Institution atPittsfieia, Mass., from I8fi.3 to 1804; and su[«r- intendent of the State Lunatic Hospital, North- ampton. Ma.ss., from 1804 to 188.5. Dr. Earic was for many years a recognized autliority in psj'chiatry. He published A Visif to Thirleen Asylums for the Insane in Europe (1841) ; Bloodletting in Mental Disorders Sai) ; In- stitutions for the Insane in Prussia, Austria, and Germany (1854) ; Psychologic Medicine, Its Im- portance as a I'art of the Medical Cnrriculum (1867); The Psychopathic llospital of the Fu- ture (1867); Prospective Provision for the In- sane (1868) ; Curaiility of Insanity (1877) ; and niany pamphlets and essays. EAKLE, Thomas (17961849). An American lawyer, the son of Pliny Earle, an inventor. He was born at Leicester, -Mass.. but when young settled in- Philadelphia, where he was engaged for many years in the practice of his profession and in journalistic work. He was a prominent member of the Pliiladelphia Constitutional Con- vention of 1837. By advocating the e.vlcnsion of the right of suffrage to colored men he an- tagonized many members of the Democratic Party, and in 1840 the Liberty Party made him their candidate for Vice-President. Subsequent ly he left politics to devote his life to literary work, and published Essay on the Penal Law: Essay on the Uiyht of States to Alter and Annul Their Charters ; Treatise on Ilailroads and In- ternal Com niitnica lions (1830); and a Life of Benjamin Lundy. EABLE, WiixiAM (1833-85). An English soldier. He was born in Liverpool, was educated in Winchester, and .served with great gallantry in all the principal engagements of the Crimean War. He was advanced to the rank of colonel in 1868, and from 1872 to 1876 acted as military secretary to Lord Northbrook, Viceroy of In- dia. He was commander of the ])rison at Alex- andria during Lord Wolselcy's campaign against Arabi Pasha, and in 1884 accompanied tlial gen- eral as division commander on the cx|Kdition dispatched to the aid of Ccncral Conlon at Khartum. He was killed wliile leading his de- tachment against the Arab intrencliments (.Janu- ary, 1885). There is a fine statue of him in Liverpool. EARL MARSHAL. See Marshal. EARLOM, ri'lom. RirnARn (1743-1822). An English en.'iraver. He was born in London, and studied there under Cipriani. In mezzotint he made some innovations in the use of the point, which gave delicacy to his method, and estab- lished his fame by '"Fruit and Flowers" after .T. van Huysmn. He engraved after Rubens. Rembrandt. Van Dyek. Correggio, and other Dutch and Italian masters. His most impor- tant work was the rcprodiietion of two hundred drawings of Claude Lorrain in the Duke of Devonshire's collection, known as the Liber Vcri- tat is, published in London, 1799, and again in 1804 with a hundred new plates, EAR'LY, .hnAl. Andeb.son (1816-94). An American soldier, prominent on the Confederate side in the Civil War. He was born in Franklin County, Va.. graduated at West Point in 1837, .served in the Seminole or Florida War of 1837-38, and resigned from the army to take up the prac- tice of the law at Kocky .Mduiit, a.. in July, 1838. In 1841-42 he wa.s a mi'mber of the 'ii- ginia House of Delegates, and from 1842 to 1847, and again from 1848 to 1852, he held the position of comnmnwealth attorney. During the Alc.vican War he was major of a regiment of Virginia volunteers from .January, 1847. to .ugust. 1848. On the approach of the Civil War he was strong- ly in favor of the maintenance of the I nion. and in the Virginia Convention of 1861 he strenu- ously opposed the adoption of the ordinance of secession: but the ordinance having ])assed. he threw in his lot with his State and entered the Confederate .rmy as a colonel. He commanded a brigade at the first battle of Bull Rim, render- ing effective service to his side at a critical part of the battle; was promoted soon afterwards to be brigadier-general; took a prominent part in the battle of Williamsburg. May 5. 1862, where he Avas seriously wounded, and distin- guished himself in the second battle of Bull Kim and in the battle of . tietam. At Fredericks- burg on December 13. 1802, he coimnandcd a division, and during the battle of Chaneellors- ville he commanded the right wing of Ccneral Tree's army, stationed at Fredericksburg. whi<h was opposed to the Federal General Sedgwick. He comnfanded a division of Lee's army at Gettys- burg. Oetaebed from that army in .lune, 1804, to operate against the Federal forces in the Shenandoah Valley, he repelled an attack of Hunter at Lynchburg on the ISth, and forced that officer to the I'pper Potomac. The valley thus being left open, lie advanced to Winchester, drove the Federal General Sigel to Maryland Heights, crossed the Potomac on .)ulv 0th, levied .$20,000 on Hagerstown, and .$200,000 on Frederick City, and on the 9th defeated Gen. Lew Wallace at Monocacy .Junction. On the 11th he threatened the city of Washington, which was in a state of consternation, and which by a prompt attack he would probalily have taken; but a strong Federal reinforcement hav- ing arrived, he withdrew without serious molesta- tion, and retired up the Shenandoah Valley. Toward the latter part of the month he again drove across the Potomac the Federal forces op- posed to him. and in addition sent a cavalry detachment into Pennsylvania under ^IcCausland. who occupied Chambersburg on .luly 30th. and in default of a ransom of $100,000 iii gold, burned the town in accordance with Early's orders. From .ugust to November he contended against Sheridan, then in command of the Federal .riny of the Shenandoah, for the possession of the Shen- andoah Valley. He was finally defeated by supe- rior numbers at Opequan Creek, near Winchester (September 19) and Fisher's Hill (September 22). On October 19 he surprised the Federals at Cedar Creek, but the timely arrival of Sheri- dan turned (he fortunes of the day. Early's forces beiiiK routed. In .March. 1805. Early was defeated by Custer at Wayncsborough, and was removed