Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/660

* E EThe fifth Ipttpr and second vowel in the Roman and most other alplia- hets. Its form is derived from the Plia?nieiaii sij;n ]> throngh the Greek and Roman scripts. The Semitic name for this chavacter, he, is not a Avord itii recognized signification, as is the case with most of the other letters. See Aiphabet: I-ETTERS. PiloN'ETK' C'ii.KACTEB. The Greeks had two characters to represent the short and the long .sonnd of our e in- Id and llici/. The short one. e, was called eps'iloii ; the long one. ij. was designated as eta. In Latin also there were hoth a short and a long f. just as there were in primi- tive IndoGermanic. In Sanskrit the sound of c was long, hut it was shortened under certain circumstances in Pali and in the vernaculars. Historically, the Indo-Gernianic short c becomes a in Sanskrit, c in Greek and Latin, as in Idg. fero. The original long e becomes Skt. u. Gk. ?;, Lat. e: thns. Idg. 'p/c. -fill.' Skt. pnita. •full.' (ik. irXi}-pT)s, Lat. ple-nus. In English, the single char- acter e is used to represent a variety of sounds — get, he. hrr, there, and the like — and its em- ployment to indicate that the preceding vowel is long, as in stoii{e), from AS. staii, is a de- vice inherited from an earlier period of mis- spelling in the language. The frequency of e in English is largely due historically to its be- ing the indiscriminate or indefinite vowel into which the final endings a, o, u of the Anglo- Saxon period were weakened. The case in Ger- man is somewhat similar. Tn Romance words also the nuite c usiuilly takes the place of Greek or Latin final syllables— e.g. nuisc, ].,at. musn ,• bile, Lat. bili,- conr, Lat. couh.s. As A Symuol. /v in nnisic is the third tone in the natiral scale of C : in the treble clef it is written on the first line or fourth space, and in the third space or the first ailded line below in the bass clef. As an abbreviation E. stands for East. EA-BANI, a'ti-bii'n*. A character in the IJabylonian Izdubar legends, represented as half man. half bull. Aided by his prowess and strength, Izdubar slavs Khumbaba the Elamite, who has usurped the throne of Erech. But Izdu- bar has scorned the love of the goddess Ishtar, who in revenge infiicts leprosy upon him, and puts Ea-bani to death. He is broiiglit back to life by the prayers and intercession of Izdubar. See Giix.AME.sii. EACHABD, ech'erd. Jonx (16.36-97). An English clergyman and writer. He was educat- ed at Cambridge, where he became master of Catherine Hall, and for two terms was vice- chancellor of the university. He published a number of satirical attacks upon the clergy, among them The (Iround and Orensions of the Voiiletnpt of the Clernij [iiiiiiired Into, in a Letter to R. L. (1070). in a similar vein of satire he attacked the philosophy of Thomas Hoblies in Mr. Hobbes's State of Xattire Considered (1G72). EADIE, e'di, John (1810-76). A Scottish I nited Presbyterian theologian, born at Alva. Stirlingshire, and educated at the University of Glasgow und in the Divinity Hall of the United Secession Church. He was licensed in 18;i5. and ])reached in (ilasgow till his death, June 3, 1876, from ISU.'i, as pastor of the Lansdowne Church. From 184.'? he was a synoilical professor of l)il)li- cal literature in the United Secession Divinity Hall in Glasgow, and his fame rests upon his writ- ings in this department, all of which were schol- arly yet poimlar. Many had a very wide sale and are still in use, as his condensed edition of Cm- den's Coneordanee (18.39); Biblical Cyclopfcdia (1848; new ed., revised, 1902);. Anah/liral Concordance to the Holy Scriptures (18.56) ; and lcclesiasti<-al Fnciiclopa'dia (1861). He prepared commentaries upon the Greek text of Ephesians 118.54). Colossians (18.->6), Philippians (18571. Galatians ( 1869), I. Thessalonians (1877). He was a member of the Xew Testament Company of the Rible Revision Committee, and in that connection published his important and interest- ing work. The Enf/lish Bible: An Exttrnal and Critical Uisfory of Various f'nfjlish Translations of Scripture, u-ith Remarks on the Need of Re- rising the English Xeir Testament (1876). He collected a remarkable library, which is now kept intact as the Eadie Lilirary in the United Presbyterian College in Glasgow. For his Life, consult Rrown (London, 1878). EADMER (ed'mrr) OF CAN'TERBXTRY ( ?-I124). An English monk and clinmi.-ler of the early twelfth century. He belonged to the Renedictine nionastery at Canterbury, and was a devoted friend of Anselm. .rchbishop of Canter- bury, from 109.3 to 1109. In 1120, at the request of King Alexander I., he went to Scotland, and was chosen Bishop of Saint Andrew.s. The ques-
 * hhird, 'I bear.' Skt. hharami, Gk. tpipui. Lat.