Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/598

* DUNDAS. 522 DUNE. Solicitor-General, in 1720 became Lord Advoeate, and in the next year Dean of the Faculty of Ad- vocates. He was a member of Parliament from Midlothian from 1722 to 1737, and was an ac- tive opponent of Lord Hay's administration of Scotch afl'airs in 1734. In 1737 he became a judge of the Court of Session of Scotland, and from 1847 until his death was Lord President of the court. His son Robert (1713-87), also a jurist, was educated at Kdinburgh Iniversity and studied Koman law at Utrecht and Paris. His career was remarkable in its similarity to that of his father. He was admitted to the Scotch bar in 1737, became an eloquent pleader, and in 1742 was appointed Solicitor-Ceneral, which oflice he resigned in 1748 upon becoming Dean of the Faculty of Advocates. He was ap- pointed Lord Advocate in 1754, and was elected to Parliament from his father's old constituency in Midlothian in the same year. In 1700 he suc- ceeded Robert Craigie as Lord President of the Court of Session, and took the office just two years after it had been left vacant by the death of his father. He retained the position until his death. Consult: Omond, Lord Advocates of Scot- land; and The Arniston Memoirs (18S7). DUNDAS STRAIT. A passage separating Melville 1-huul fioiii Coburg Peninsula (q.v.). Northern Australia (Map: Australia, E 1). It is 18 miles in width. DUNDEE' (Gael, nuiitau: fort on the Tay). A royal. Parliamentary, and municipal burgh and seaport, in Forfarshire, Scotland, on the left bank of the estuary of the Tay, 10 miles from the entrance of that river into the sea. 50 miles north-northeast of Edinburgh (Map: Scot- land, F 3). The greater part of it is situated on a slope. A handsome esplanade skirts the banks of the river. The new streets are wide and w'cU laid out. The most striking architec- tural features are: the town hall, in the Roman Ionic style, with a spire 140 feet high: the Albert Institute, including a free library, pic- ture galleries, museum, etc., in fifteenth-century Oothic ; the royal exchange, in the Flemish Pointed style of the fifteenth century : the corn exchange, the intirniary, the justiciary and sheriff-court buildings, the post-office, the town church, with the old tower, 156 feet high, re- stored in 1873; Saint Paul's Episcopal Church, with a tower and spire 217 feet high: a new- orphan asylum : University College, founded in 1882 and alTiliatfd with Saint Andrew's Uni- versity: Kinnaird Hall, and a technical insti- tute. " Dundee sends two members to Parliament. In 1880 it was raised to the rank of a city. It owns its water, gas, and electric supplies, which net it a substantial profit; maintains cemeteries, markets, slaiighter-houses. and public baths. The street railway lines are owned and operated by the nnmicipality. Dundee has several public parks, one of which, the Baxter Park, on a beau- tiful slope to the eastward of the town, is 37 acres in extent ; another, to the westward of the town. occu]iies the hill of Balgay. and is finely wooded and beautifully laid out, its area being about 3G acres. Dundee is the chief seat in Great Britain of the manufacture of coarse linen fabrics (osna- burgs, sheetings, ducks, dowlas, drills, canvas, and cordage). Manufactures of jute are exten- sively carried on, and many varieties of fabric are made from the coarsest nail-bagging to car- pets of great beauty. Dundee is also famous for its manufactures of confectionery and marma- lade, and is tl'.e centre of the whale and seal- fishing trade of Great Britain. Ship-building (both wood and iron) and machine-making are carried on to some extent. Dun<lee has splendid harbors in addition to the tide harbor, several large wet docks, two graving-docks, and a jetty for vessels drawing more than 24 feet of water. In 1891, 1287 vessels (of which 04G belonged to coast lines) carrying 5S5.000 tons, entered the port; in 1809 the number of vessels was 1G03 with 545.000 tons. The number of vessels belong- ing to the port fell oft' from 178 with a ton- nage of 124.000 in 1891, to 141 and 104,000 tons in 1899. The exports are spirits, machin- ery, and mill-work, linen yarn, jute yarn, and maniifaclurcs. The imports include wheat. Hour, Uax, jute, timber, sugar, paiier-making materials, oil-seed cake, mineral ores, etc. The total value of imports and exports exceeds annually £4.800,- 000 ($24,000,000). Dundee is the third jwrt in importance in Scotland. It is the seat of a United States consulate. At the entrance of the Firth, one of the largest iron bridges ever con- structed has been built across the Tay. It was oj^ned in 1S87. and is more than two miles long. Population of royal and municipal burgh in 1901. 100.871. Dundee was made a royal burgh by William the Lion about 1160. Its strong fortifi- cations made it of the highest military impor- tance, and in the Avars between the Scotch and the English it was taken repeatedly by both parties. It was burned by the Duke of Lancaster in 1385. and was pillaged by Montrose in 1645. In 1651 General ilonk sacked and burned the town, and massacred one thousand of its inhabitants. From the important part it played in the Rcformalion. Dundee gained the name of the 'Scottish Geneva.' Consult: Thomson. History of Dundee (Dundee, 1874) : Peterson, Saint Andrews and Dundee (Dnna(c, 1893). DUNDEE, Viscount. See Gbaham, John, Viscount Dundee. DUNDON'ALD, Earl. See Cochrane, Thomas. DUNDREAR'Y, Lord. An amusing carica- ture of the English nobility, in Tom Taylor's Our American Cousin. Originally a minor part, it was gradually developed l)y E. A. Sothern until it became the most prominent character in the play. DUN'DRUM BAY. An inlet on the coast of Ireland, in County Down, five miles to the south side of Downpatriek. It is about ten miles wide at its entrance, with a uniform brea<lth of about two and one-half miles (Map: Ireland, F 2). In the inner bay is the famous strand of the champions where ancient LHtonians achieved athletic preeminence. DUNE (AS.. OHG. dun. Ger. Diine. Fr. dune, from Ir. dun. hill. fort. Welsh din. Gall, diinon; jiltimately connected with AS.. Icel. tun, Eng. toa-n. OHG. ~«h. Ger. Zaun, hedge). The name first given to the sand-hills or mounds which stretch along the seacoast of the Netherlands and the north of Prance. The English term Downs (q.v.) has a similar meaning. Drift sand-hills or dunes are found in all regions of sandy, arid soil, which are subject to brisk and