Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/581

* DTTFRENOT. 505 DTJGUAY-TROUIN. Anglctcrrr (2(1 oil. 1S37-3!)), with EHe de Beau- iiioiit : KxitlUation ). DTJFKESNY, di.i'fia'n^', Charles de la Ri- viEiiE I Ui."iM7-41 . A French writer of comedies, born in Paris. He became a valet de diambre to l.ouis XIV.. and later inspector of the Royal Hardens, in which capacity he introduced many innovations from England. His comedies, Ij'csprit de contradiction ; Le mariagc fait et romiiu: and Le double veuvage, still enjoy high rank for their brilliant repartee. His celebrated Amusements scrieux et comiqucs (1707; latest cd. ISGfl) became the prototype of Montesquieu's Lcllres pcrsaiics. DUGANNE, dugan'. Augistine Jo.seph HiCKEV (lSi;j-S4). An American author, born in Boston. He early achieved some reputation as a i)oet by his Hand Pocins ( 1844), a collection of verses j)revioU5ly published in newspapers. He was a founder of the American, or 'Know- Xothing.' Party, and served in the Civil War as colonel of the 17Cth Xew York Volunteers. Subsequently lie was active as an author and journalist, and for many years was connected with the Xew York Tribune. A list of his works includes the following various titles: The Iron Hnip (1847); The i.ydinn Queen (1848); Po- rtical VTorl-s (1850): Vllcrances (1S04): and Camps and Prisons (1SC5), DTJGT)ALE, Sir Willi.m (1605-SG). An English antiquarian and historian, born in War- wickshire. His researches into the early history of Warwickshire and his adherence to the Royal cause led to his being knighted, and to his hold- ing a number of offices in the College of Heraldry, His greatest work is the Antirjuilies of ^Vancick- shirc (lGo6; 2d ed. 1730). which has been the model for many county histories. Among his other works arc: Monaslicon Anglieanuni (17.5.5- 73), written in part by Robert Dodsworth ; The Baronage of England (lC75-7<>) : Origines Jnri- dicales. or Historical Memoirs of the English Laics (1666) ; Short View of the Late Troubles in England (1681): and The Ancient Usage in Bearing Arms (1682). Dugdale bequeathed more than twenty-seven folio manuscript volumes, written in his own hand, to the University of Oxford. They are now in the Bodleian Library, the Heralds' College, and the Ashmolean Museum. DTJGES, du'zha'. A.xtoine Locls (1797-1838). A Frencli naturalist, born at Landreeies. X'ord. He was professor of patholog;- at Jlontpellier until his death. During the last two years of his life he was rector of the university. He was a skillful surgecm, and one of the foremost zo- ologists of the time. He investigated the anat- omy of spiders, moths, frogs, and vertebrata. His publications include: Manuel d'ohsletrique (3d ed. 1840) : Ileeherches sur Ics balraehiens (1834) : and Physiologic comparce (1838-30), DUGONGr' (Malay dugong, .Javanese dugung) . A sirciiian or 'sea-cow' (q.v.) of the family Hali- corida- and genu* llalicore. It is distinguished by its well-developed dentition, and esjiecially by the fact that in the males the incisors of the upper jaw are elongated almost into tusks; also by the fact that the tail is forked or eresccnt- shapcd, and the swimming paws are destitute of any vestiges of nails. In general form, it much resembles the manatee (q,v,). The skull is re- markable for the sudden bending downward of the upper jaw almost at a right angle. The upper lip is large, thick, and Ucshy, covering the jirominent incisors, and forming a kind of snout, "something like the trunk of llie eU^phant cut short across," The eyes are very small, and are furnished with a third eyelid or nictitating mem- brane. The skin is smooth and thick, and that of the Australian species yields a valuable oil, used sometimes in medicine, the demand for which has caused the animal to be almost exter- minated in that region. The dugong is marine, inclined to gatlu-r near the shore in herds, which formerly sometimes nunil)ered hundreds, and browses, with its head beneath the water, on the alg.-E which grow on submarine rocks in sluillow seas. It is usually pursued in boats, and speared. The female prodtices one yoimg one at a birth, and shows an afTeetion for it which is proverbial among the Malays. When the young one is taken the mother is easily secured. Its habit of rais- ing its round head out of the water, and of carrying the .voung under the fore fin. seems to have given rise, among the imaginative early voyagers in the Indian Ocean, to tlie legendary beings, half human and half fish, in allusicm to which the name Sirenia was bestowed by Illiger on the order. (.See MERir.in. ) According to Kiippell, it was with the skin of the dugong of tile Red Sea that the .Tews were directed to veil the tabernacle, and not 'badger' skins, .as trans- lated in the Authorized Version of the Bible. Three species of dugong are known — one from the vicinity of Australia (Halicore Australis), one from the Red Sea (Halicore tabernaeuli) , and one from the East Indies (Halicore dugong). See Maxatee and Extinct Animals; and for fossil forms allied to the dugongs, see Halithe- uirji, DUGOUS, .Tahoy. See GorROFF. DUGUAY-TBOUIN, diigS' trJio'aN', ReniS (1673-173(1). One of the most celebrated priva- teers and naval officers of France. He was born at Saint-Malo, of a family of rich ship- o-ners, and, after some schooling at Caen, em- barked in a frigate at the age of thirteen. At fifteen he was commander of a privateer, and began a marvelous series of exploits, cap- turing large fleets of transjiorts and attacking and defeating ships of the line. The Channel, the coasts of Ireland and Holland, the fishinsr lianks of Spitzbergen, and the Spanish JIain were the scenes of his activity. As a reward for his services, Louis XIV. gave him the commaml of a frigate in the royal navy. Capture<l and taken to England, he escaped and continued his destructive activity. In 1707 he attacked an English merchant fleet and its convoy, sank one frigate, and cajitured three others. In 1709 he destroyed the Brazilian fleet off the port of Lis- bon. In 1711 he captured Rio Janeiro after a bombardment of eleven days, and extorted a ransom of .'fSHOO.OOO. For his service, Louis XIV. knighted him and made him successively chef d'escadrc. lieutenant-general, and naval com- mandant at P.rest. Consult Richer. T'l'c dc Du- guaii Tronin (Paris. 1780) ; also the biographies of La Landellc (Paris, 1876) and He Bona (Paris, 1800).