Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/576

* DUDLEY. 500 DUELING. DUDLEY, Paul (lUTJ-ii 51). An American jurist, tlir 50I1 of Governor Joseph Dudley, lie was In.rn al Koxbury. Mass. ; jrradualod at Har- vard, and studied law in l.undnn. Uc was com- missioned Attorney-General of Massachu.-ietta in 17(12, was promoted to the beneh in 1718, was made Chief Justice in 174."), and for several years was a member of the Legislature. A learned naturalist, he was a fellow of the Roj'al Society of London and contributed papers on the natural history of New England to its Transaclions. DUDLEY. KouERT. See I.kkkstek, E.rl ok. DUDLEY, Tiio.M.s ( ir.7G-16.'S:i). The second Colonial Governor of Massachusetts, born in Xorthanipton, England. lie acted for a time as a page to Lord William Compton, later Earl of Northampton; served as captain in the English Army during the Erench ex|H'dition of lo!l7; be- came a clerk to Judge Nichols about 1598, and from lOlG to ItiSO was employed as the steward of Theophilus Clinton, the fourth Earl of Lincoln. In IG.'iO he emigrated to the Massa- chusetts Bay Colony, as Deputy Governor under Winthrop, and from this time until his death was, next to Winthrop, probably the most inlluen- tial man in the Colony, lie served thirteen years as Deputy Governor; was four times Governor of the Colony — in the years 1034, 1040. 1045. and 1050; was the chief founder of Newtown (now Cambridge), Mass.; took an active part in the founding of Harvard College, in 1030. and was twice elected President of the United Colonies of New England. He lived successively at Caml>ridge, Ipswich, and Ro.xbury, where he died. He was in many respects a typical Puritan, stern, un- yielding, and intensely pious, and by many his- torians has been cliarged with being peculiarly narrow, bigoted, ami intolerant — traits which many tind in his dealings with Anne Hutchinson, Roger Williams, and Sanniel Gorton. His latest biograplKT, however, strongly defends him on all these points. Dudley's daughter Anne ( Urad- street), the poet, married Gov. Simon Bradstreet (q.v. ). Consult: The painstaking but somewhat partisan biography by .Tones. The Life and U'orfc of Thomas Dudley, the f^erond Oovernor of Mas- sachusetts (Boston, 1800) ; and Deane (editor). The Life of Mr. Thomas Dudley, several times Governor of the Colony of Massachusetts: writ- ten. as is supposed, by Cotton Mather (Cam- bridiie. 1S70). DUDLEY, Thomas Underwood (1837- 1004). An Amiriean clergj-man of the I'rotestant Episco- pal Church. He was born in Richmond. Va.. and in 18.JS graduated at tlic University of Virginia, where for many years he was professor of Latin and Greek. During the Civil War he served in the Confederate Army, and rose to the rank of major in the conimissarj' department. He after- wards studied theology in the Virginia Theo- logical Seminary, was ordaineil ])rii'st in 1808, and in 1870 became rector of Christ's Church. Baltiiniire. of which during the previous year he had licen assistant rector. He was Assistant Bishop of Ivpntuckv for some time, was conse- crated in Baltimore in 1875. and became Bishop in 1S><4. DUDLEY, WrLUAM Russel (1849—), An American botanist, born at Guilford. Conn. He graduated in 1874 at Cornell, and studied nat- ural history at the school established by Louis Agassiz at Penikese Island, Idaho, in 1874, and at the Harvard Summer School in 1876. From 1870 to 1883 he was assistant professor of bot- any at Cornell, and from 1883 to 1802 an as- sistant professor directing the study of cryto- gamic botany. in 1802 he was apjioinled professor of botany in the Iceland Stanford, Jr., University. His publications include contribu- tions to scientilic journals. The Cayuga Flora (1880). and other works. DUDLEY DIAMOND, The. A heart-shaped jewel wcigliing 44 'j carat-, but originally twice that size, now in the possession of the Duke of Dudlev. who bought it from Hunt and Roskell for 130.000. The latter paid only £12.000 for it. It was found in 1808 by the slave of Nie Kirk, a miiic-inviier in Africa. DUD'WEILER, dood'vi-ler. A town in Rhen- ish Prussia, 40 miles east by north of Metz (Map; Prussia. B 4). It has extensive coal- mines, and manufactures iron and clay wares. In tile neighborhood is the celebrated "Burning Mountain' (Brenncnder Berg), an elevation of coal deixjsits which has been burning for nearly two centuries. Population, in 1800, 8515; in lOim. 10.323. DUE BILL. A written acknowledgment of indebtedness by the signer to the one to whom it is given. An example of its shortest form is this: 'I. O. L'. eight guineas. John Leslie.' Another and more extended form is the follow- ing: 'Due Currier and Barker s«>venteen dollars: vaiue received. Ercilerick Lockwood.' While from such an acknowledgment the common law infers an oldigation by the signer to jiay the specified indebtedness, the paper itself contains no actual or express promise to pay. It is the absence of such a promise that distinguishes it from a promissory note. Unlike a |>roniissory note, also, it is not a negotiable instrument, though, as a claim or demand against the debt- or, it is assignable by the payee. See Cuo.se in Action ; NEcoTiAm.E In.sthimext. DUELING (Fr. duel, from Lat. duellum, a contest between two. duo). A duel is a pre- arranged combat between two persons, in which deaiUy weapons are used. It generally takes place in the presence of witnesses (called seconds), who regulate the mode of fighting, place the weapons in the hands of the combatants, and enforce rules agreed upon. While dueling prevailed in an- tiquity, there is no doubt that the inodi'in private duel grew out of the ju<licial duel. (See Battle, Trial by, or Wager of.) in France it became very common after the famous challenge of Fran- cis "l. to his rival Charles V.. in 1.528. After this every man of France seemed to think that he was calleil upon to use his sword in ilcfending his honor ngjiinst the slightest imputation. Some kings endeavored to suppress, while others pro- moted dueling. Within eighteen years, in the reign of Henry IV., it is said, no less than 4000 Jiersons fell in duels. Rigid measures were passed, iiut were rarely enforced. Up to the present time duels are niiicli more common in France than else- where, but fatal results arc infrequent. In Germany dueling prevails but little out- side the army, navy, and the universities. In the students' contests the vital parts of the eon- tcslants arc so protected that serious injury seldom occurs. In but few places do the laws permit duels, but in a number of university