Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/574

DUCROT. DX7CK0T. ilt.i'kru', AriasTE Alexandre ( 1817- 82). -V !• ifiali sulilicr. He was fdiicaled nt Suint Cyr. and served in Alj;eriii and in the Fianeo-Uernian war. At Sedan, wlien .Mac.Malion was wounded, lie took the eliief eoniniand. sur- renderinj; it iuiniediately. however, to lieneral WinipllVn. Alter the capitulation he was a pris- oner of war. but eseaped to Paris, where he took eoniniand of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Army Corps, and participated in several sorties, uiiiong tlieni the last disastrous one of January 19, 1S71. After the eonelusion of i>eaee he was a member of the National Assembly, and in 1872 was aj)- pointed by Thiers eommander-in-ehief of the Eiglith Army Corps, stationed at ISonrges. His bitter attitude towai-d the Kepublie resulted in his beiii^' relieved of liis eoniniand in 1S78. He wrote: /,(/ joiiinii dr Scthiii (1871 1: La viriti sur r.llyi'iiv (1871) ; Urfciixr di /'</;i.s ( 1785-78).

DUCROTAY DE BLAINVILLE, dụ'krō&#x34F;&#x307;tā&#x34F;&#x307; de blāvō&#x34F;&#x307;l'. (1778-1850). A French anatomist and zoölogist. He was born at Arques, near Dieppe, and studied at the University of Paris under Cuvier, whom he succeeded as professor of comparative anatomy in 1832. He was editor of the Journal de Physique from 1817 to 1825. He exerted an extraordinary influence over his pupils as a lecturer. In addition to the numerous valuable essays published in the Annales françaises et éstrangères d'antomaie et de physiologie in the Journal of the French Institute, and in similar scientific publications, he wrote the following important works: Cours de physiologie générale et comparée (1835); Ostéographie (20 serial numbers, with illustrations, 1839-54): Manuel de malacologie et de conchyliologie (1825-27).

DUCTILITY (from Lat. ductilis, ductile, from ihirrn . to lead). That property of some material bodies by which they are capable of being drawn out in length, while diminishing in breadth, without fracture or separation of their parts. (iass. gums, glues, resins, and some other bodies, when softened by water or heat, may be drawn into threads. The ductility of glass seems to have no limit; at high tempera- ture this brittle substance may be drawn into threads finer than any hair, and of the highest flexibility. Metals are ductile, generally speak- ing, at any temperature, but their ductility varies greatly with the temperature; some — brass, for example — are nunc ductile at ordi- nary temperatures than when hot. The ductil- ity of gold is very great: .'lOO feet of wire may be obtained from one single grain of gold. Next to gold follow, in the oriler of their ductility: silver, platinum, iron, copper, iialladium, alumi- num, zinc, tin, and lead. Platinum may be drawn out by making a bar of silver with a platinum core, drawing out the bar to extreme fineness, and dissolving otT the silver with nitric acid. In this manner the wires adapted to niieroscojios for micmmetrie Avork are made. Such iilntinum wire is less than y^^ni "' •*" inch in diameter. See Matter, Propehtie.s of. DUDEN, dnn'den, KoN'RAn Ai.rxANnEit Fried- Bicii (1S2M — ), A ncrman pbibilogist. He was horn near Wesel. and studied phihdogj' at Bonn, .ftcr organizing the gv-mnasiiim at Sctileiz in ISfiO, and condiiding that institution, he was appointed in 187'! ilireitur of the gv'mnasium at Hersfcld. an institution which was greatly im- proved under his management. His important writings on modern tierman orthograjdiy include ollsliiiidiycs urihoyiaithisclns Wurlcrbuch dcr ddilscluii Spraclw (3d ed. 1887) ; and a re- vision of Friedrieh Bauer's (irund:uge dcr ncii- liochdcutschcn flranimatik (5th ed. 18'Jl>; 21sl, ed. of original work 1. •DUDES AND PHARISEES. " See Mi<;- WlMl'S. DUDEVANT, duir-vax', Madame. Sec Sand, CiEolil.K. DUD'LAY, AlLUi., stage name of Aheli.xe Elie KHA.N(,01.SE DlLAlT (185!) — ). An actress of the Coniedie Frai.caise, well known in tragic roles. She was born in Brussels, and made her dramatic studies at the Conservatoire there. In 187 she was engiiged at the ThrAlre Fran<.ais, and made her debut in Parodi's Home i^aincue. She made her reputation in many of the pieces in the classic repertoire, notably as Camille, in Horace, in I'hcdrc, in Athalic, as Monime, in Milhridotc, and Bcrtlie in La fillc dc llolund. She became a member of the eoiii|)any in 1H83; in 18!).'?, during its visit to London, she won new successes there. Among her more recent creations are La reine .Tuana (1803) and Frcde- gondc (18!I7). DUDLEY, A town and Parliamentary bor- ougli ill Worcestershire. Knglaiid. 2t> miles iiortli- norlhcast of Worcester, and 8'^. miles west- northwest of Birmingham (Map: Fngland. D -1). It is a well-built town, ami a chief seat of the iron trade, being in the heart of the so- called Black Country. Its noteworthy |)ublic buildings include the jiarish church, restored in 1802, the town hall, and the general hosjiital. Dudley sends one member to Parliament. The town's allairs are administered by a mayor, a municipal council of thirty, and a bo:ird of aldeniien of ten niembers (see par;igi'aph on Liicdl (lorcrnmciil under Great llRirAiN). It maintains public baths, but its giis and water supply are furnished by private companies. It U- well supplied with educational institutions, which comprise a free grammar seliool, a techni- cal school, an art school, and art gallery, and a i>ublic library, the last four being mainlaineil by the municipality. Its chief manufactures are nails. tire-iroii>. chain cables, anvils, and vises. To the northeast of the town arc the ruins of an old castle, founded in 700 by Dodo, a Saxon prince. It was demolished during the civil wars of the seventeenth century, was re- built, but was burned in 1750. Dudley was in- corporated in 18115. In (be vicinity are iron ami coal mines, and limestone ipiarries. Population in IS!U. 4.-1,724; in l!mi, 48,800. DUDLEY, Ben.iami.v Wix.si.ow (1785 1870). Mi .Viiierican surgeon, born in Spoltsylv:iiiia County, Va. After a prolonged course of profes- sional studies, both in this country and abroad, he settled in Lexington, Ky. His speciaKv was lithotomv. or removing stone from _the bladder, and he was known in Fnglaml as "the lithotomist of the nineteenth century.' He was professor of surgery in Transylvania I'niversity at Lexing- ton, and was tlii' author of many pap<'rs on medical subjects. DUDLEY, Pit arifs Edward (1780 1841). He was born in StalTordshire. F.ngland : removed to Albany, N'. V., became n prosperous merchant