Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/563

* Dtr CANGE. 491 DTJ CHAILLXJ. Middle Ages. He is best known for his great Glossarium ail Scriptorcs Mftlia' cf Infintw Latinilatis, piiblislicd in three volumes in Paris in 1078, a veritable treasure of industry and erudition. It went through many editions, al- ways with an inereaso of subjeel-matter, and was last published in ten volumes by Favre (Xiort. 18S4S7). and is the standard work on mediæval Latin. Dii Cunjie planned a similar work for mediaeval Greek, and published the Glossarium Mcdiw ct Iii/iiita- (Iracilatii). on a less extensive seale, in Lyons in KiSS, the year of his death. He edited several Byzantine historians, with Latin translations, as I'nulus Siloitiariiis (1670): Zonaras (1G87); yicephoriis Gregoras (published posthumously in 1702): and the Chronicon PaschaJe site Alcxaiidrinum in 1088. Nor were his studies confined to the media>val Greek and Latin writers. Among his many other works Avere: Histoire de l'epire de Con- stantinople sous hs cmpereurs fransais (1657), and Distoirc dc Vvtat dv la villc d'Amiens, et dc ses comtes, found among his papers and pub- lished in 1841. Consult Fougftre. Essai sur la vie et les oiirnifies dc Dii Cangc (Paris, 1852). DXICAS, doo'kas (Lat., from Gk. Aouras, Dou- kas), iiiciiAEL. A Greek historian, who lived in the fifteenth eentuiy. He belonged to the imperial family of the same name at Constan- tinople. He wrote a trustworthy Historti of the Fall of the Byzantine Empire (edited by Bekkcr for the Bonn series of Byzantine historians, 18.'?4), embracing the period from the death of John Pala-ologiis I., 1.355, to the capture of Les- bos in 1402. DUCASSE, du'kas'. Jeax B.utiste (1040- 1715). A French naval officer, born at Saubusse. lie entert'd the service of the Senegal Company, and afterwards that of the royal navy, in which he rose to be captain. In 1091 he was appointed Governor of Santo Domingo. He administered the affairs of the colony with great skill, and conducted a successful defense against an in- vasion by the English and Spanish during the War of the League of Augsburg. In 1097 he commanded the land forces in the capture of Cartagena, and in 1702, after a four days' fight, defeated a superior Englisli licet under Admiral Benbow. With rank of lieutenant-general of naval forces, he directed the blockade of Bar- celona in 1714. DtrC'AT. .V name formerly used throughout Europe for coins of different value, mostly of gold. Ducats were first struck by the Byzan- tine emperors in the eleventh century, or, accord- ing to some authorities, a century later, in Sicily. The name is said to have originated from the legend found on early Sicilian pieces, .S'i7 tihi, Christr, dnIiiK. quern til rcf/is, iste Ducat us ("Be intrusted to thee, Christ, this duchy (Ducatus) of which Thou art ruler"). Especially famous were the golden ducats of Venice, known as zccchini or sequins. Later, Holland, the German Empire, Russia, and the States of the north began the striking of ducats. At present there are practically none of these coins in existence, outside of collectors' cabinets. The value of the principal ducats formerly in cir- culation ranged from .'1.40 for the Venetian to $2. .'52 for the Spanish and Hanoverian coin ; the usual value was S2..32. Venice and the Two Sici- lies struck also silver ducats of the value of $0.83 Vol. VI. —32. a|)priiximate!y, and ."spain issued silver ducat-s varying in value from .•?0.90 to $1.10. In .Austria- Hungary gold ducats are still coined, chielly for the purposes of foreign trade, especially in the Levant. uadrup!e ducats also are struck. DUCCIO DI BTJONINSEGNA, ATvTMu', d6 bw.. iu'-n-s;Vny:'i (c. 1200-1320) . An Italian painter, founder of the Sienese school. Little is knovn of his career. He was born in Siena, where he passed most of his life. He was in Florence in 1285, we learn from public documents of the time, and received an order to paint an altar- piece for Santa .Maria Xovella, which he proba- bly never fulfilled. After his return to Siena he appears to have executed a "Majesty," of which there is no record, and in 1308 he began his great work, the high altar in the Duomo. There are records showing this to have been a special order from JIariscotti. master of the work on the cathedral. When the picture was completed in 1310, the entire city celebrated a fete. It was carried, like the famous iladonna of Cimabue, from his studio to the cathe- dral, accompanied by a great procession of citizens and clergj' in gala dress. The picture is fourteen feet long, and seven high; the faces rejuesented are those of the Virgin and Child surrounded by angels, saints, and bishops of the Church. On the reverse is shown in twenty-six compartments the Passion of Christ, with a background of gold. The figures in this series are animated and the groups show dramatic feeling. Like Giotto, with whom he can be compared, Duccio was a reformer and an innovator. Under his brush, the still' Byzan- tine figures took on grace and life, though he departed little from the traditional models. His drawing was correct and dignified; he loved detail and ornament, and he tried to produce soft and pleasing color. In this work Duccio established certain characteristics which came tc be identified with the Siennese school for more than a century. The picture has since been di- vided into several panels, but it remains in the cathedral. There are two Madonnas by Duccio ir. the Academy of Siena, and a good example of his work at Windsor, and in the National Gal- lery in London, both JIadonnas, and figures of saints in the Rambona collection in Cologne. Consult Crowe and Cavalcaselle, A History of Painting in Italy, vol. ii. (London, 1804). DU CERCEATJ, di.i sar's6'. See Axdbouet nu Cerie.m'. DU'CEY, TnoM..s .Lvmes (1843—). An American Catholic clergvman. He was born at Luismore, Ireland, and was brought to the United States in early childhood, and was educated at the College of Saint Francis Xavier, in Xew York City. In 1880 he became pastiu' of Saint Leo's Church, which was founded by him in that year. Besides being distinguished as a |)hilanthropist, he is widely known as a promoter of civic reform. He has spent large sums of money upon his church, in connection with which a building called 'Saint Leo's Repose for the Dead' was established in 1899 as a temporary resting-place for the bodies of strangers who die in New York City. DU CHAILLir, dii shil'yv', Paii- Bei.i.oxi (1835-1903). .frican explorer and author. He was born in Xew Orlean.s, La., of French Huguenot parentage, and was educated in Paris.