Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/552

* DEYBURGH ABBEY. 480 DRYING MACHINES. of the Nomiaii and Early English styles of arohitoitiire. DRY'DEN. A village in Tompkins County, N. .. oii miles soullisoullit'asl of Auburn, on the Lehigh alley Kailroad (Map: New York, D 3). it has large woolen mills. Sulphur springs and a healthful and attractive situation iiutke the village a jiopular resort. The South- worth Library is a puhlie institution. Dryden Town-hip includes the village of Fiieville. where is located the tleorge Junior Republic (q.v.). Population, in 1890, 663; in 1900, 699. DRYDEN, John- (1031-1700). An English dramatist, poet, anil critic, born at Aldwincklc, a village of Northamptonshire. His father. Eras- mus Driden, was llio third son of Sir Erasmus Driden. baronet. Uryden receivi'd the rudiments of his education at Ticlimarsh, and was after- wards admitted to a scholarship at Westminster School, under Dr. Busby. In 1049 he contributed an elegy to the Tears of the Muxes, a collection of thirty-three poems on the death of Henry, Lord Hastings. The poem, written in the •meta- physical' style, was a poor performance even for a schoolboy. In May. lt!.50. he was elected to a scholarship in Trinity College, Cambridge, where he wrote, the same year, a few commend- atory verses to the >*foH and I'ariiussus of John Hoddesdon; he graduated I!. A. in 1054. His father died in 10,54, and left liira a small estate estimated at £00 a year, of which sum his mother had life interest in a third. It is thought that he remained at Cambridge till 1U.)7. and then took up his residence in London. ]>ike the rest of his family, he was an adherent of Cromwell. In lO.'jS he i)iiblished his first poem of importance, entitled "Heroic Stanzas to the Memory of (~)liver Cromwell." The restora- tion of Ch.irles 11. he celebrated in two poems Astrwa Redux (1000) and Panegyric on the Coronation (1001). There is no good reason for doubting the sincerity of Dryden in these poems. His was the joyful "voice of the English people on the return of their King. In December, 1003, Di:vden married Lady Elizalietli Howard, sister of Sir Robert Howard. He had already begun his career as dramatist, his first play, the ll'iW Gallant, having been performed at the King's Theatre in February, 1003. During the next twenty years he jjroduced many successful plays, although the comedies are coarse, and the trage- dies stiff. The best is AH for f.nve. founded on Shakespeare's Anionu and Cli'iijialrn. written in blank verse, while his other tragedies are in heroic couplets. In the meantime he had pro- duced Anvu.i ilivihiliss (101)7), the stibject of which is the Dutch war and the fire in London. In 1070 he was appointed poet-laureate and historioiiranber with a salary of £200 a year. In 107 r the Dvike of Buckingham produced a fa- mous attack on the English heroic drama, of which Dryden was the head. This satirical piece was entitled Thr Urhrarsal, and when it was brought on the stage the town was amused. Although ])crsonally satirized. Dryden endured his castigation in silence, and, awaiting his op- portunity, inuuortatly revenged himself on the wittvanil prolligate Duke in .4/<so(oin and Achito- phel (first part. 1081). This magnificent .satire arose out of the political commotions of the times, and is an elaborate defense of the King against the Whig Party. Charles TI is David; ^ionmoulh, Ab.-.al<im ; Cromwell, Saul : Bucking- ham, Zimri ; and Shaftesbury, .chitophel. Its success was amazing. The next year ap|iearcd The Medal, Mac Flecknoe, and the second i)art of Abmiliini and Arhilnphil (written in collabo- ration Willi Naluim Tale I. His enemies now crushed, Dryden became the undisputed king and lawgiver of English literature in his day. In 10S2 he stated and maintained the doctrines of the Church of England in a [locm entitled Hcligio Laid. After the death of Charles II., Dryden became a convert to the Roman Catholic faith. Thi- event was announced by the publication of Tin Hind and Panther (1087). For this change of faith he lias been much abused. Macaulay calls him "an illustrious renegade.' Others strenu- ously defend liis sincerity. At the Revolution he was deprived of his laureateship, and, some- what stnlitened in circumstances, he turned again to the stage. His translation of Vergil, begun in 1094, was published in 1097. To the same year belongs his best lyric, the Ode on Saint Cecilia's Dai), often called .llexander's Feast. In 1099 he published, under the title of Fahks. ver- sions of Ovid, Boccaccio, and Chaucer, to which was added one of his great prefaces. He was buried in Westminster Abbey. Althongu the great bulk of Drydcn's work consists of plays which are, for the most part, devoid of character, feeble in sentiment, false to nature, and exaggerated in expression, he must always remain a prominent figure in English literature. His Satires are masterpieces. In these he is masculine and natural, and his ver- sification Hows on, brpa<I, deep, and majestic. Nor is it only as a poet that he excels; his prefaces and Es.ta;/ on Drnmntir Poesti prove him to be a master of 'that other harmony of prose.* His Complete ll'or/,-.<! were editi'd. with a Life, by Walter Seott in eighteen volumes (Edinburgh. 1S08; reprinted 1S21, and revised by Saintsbury, iaS2-n3) ; the Poetical Wnrls w"ere edited, with a Life, by Christie (London, 1870) : and a critical edition of F.ssniis. edited by Ker, was published in Oxford in 1900. Consult, also: (iamett. Age of Dryden (London, 189,5); and for his biography, Saintsbury (London, ISSl). DRY DOCK. See DotK. DRY GANGRENE, gnn-grcMi'. Sec Enoo- TISM. DRYING MACHINES. Devices for the speedy drying of textile m;iterials. The drying machine conunonly used consists of two drums or cylinders open at the top: the inner one. into which the goods are packed, is perforated at its sides, and made to revolve with great veloc- ity. The use of the outer cylinder is merely to catch the drops of water thrown oit by centrif- ugal force as the wet clothes are rapidly re- volved. The drying is not. however, quite com- plctcd by sich mai'hines. and a very slight de- gree of moisture, barely perceptible, still remain-. This is removed by open-air or hotchandier dry- ing. These drying nuxhines are commonly called •extractors' by dyers. . simpler and cheaper partial drj-ing machine, called a wringer, con- sists of two rollers mounted parallel, and one above the other, with an adjustment to vary the distances between them. One end of the article to be dried is inserted lietween the rollers,