Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/546

* DRUM. 476 DRUMMOND. it eats. (Consult, on this point, Ingersoll. "The Oyster Imiuslry," in I nilid titatts 'I'ciilh I't'imiis U'ciiort, Washington, 1S81.) This species ranges on the east coast south to Uruguay. The south- ern variety (I'oyunia lurhinu) is known by the Itrazilians as "eurbina," meaning "croaker." The lro~h-valer or river drum ( .t/)/idoiio(i/ji grun- uiciis), al.so known as thunderpuniper. sheeps- head, and croaker, is a kindred lisli lonimon in ilie lakes and streams of the Mississippi "alley. In the Xorlli it is not much valued, but in the South it liolds a high rank as a food-tish. Other species of drum are the red drum (Hciwnops ocel- hitiis) of the !>uuth Atlantic and Gulf .States, and the black drums of the genus Scia-na, mostly of the Old World. Most of the species afford good sport with the line. DRTJMCLOG, dnimklog' (Gael., ridge of stone I. . tract of moorland in Lanarkshire, Scotland. I'aiiious as the place where 200 Caniero- nians defeated Claverhouse on dime 11, 107!) (Map: Scotland, D 4). An obelisk commemo- rates the victory. The battle is graphically described in Scott's Old Morlaliti/. DRUMT.IN (from Jr., Gael, dniim, drum, ridge). A siiuiothly arched oval hill rarely more than 150 feet high or more than half a mile long, usually occurring on the Hat lowlands, and look- ing somewhat like a sand-dime, but made of coarser materials and covered with thin soil and vegetation. Drumlins are composed of till, as it is called in Scotland, or the hard-pan or boulder clay of norllu'rn Xew England, that has been lieapcd up by the pressure of overlying glaciers. Drumlins iR-cur in all glaciated districts, and their existence in Xew ICnglaiid, Xew York, and the lake region of Xorth America indicates that all of that country has been once covered with glaciers, or rather with a single continuous glacial covering. Drumlins are found over all that por- tion of Xorth .merica. liurope, and Asia that lies north of the terminal moraine of the Continental glacier. See (ii,.ciER; Glaci.^l Peuiod. DRUM MAJOR. The non-commissioned of- ficer in charge of a drum corps. In the Iniled States Army lie is appointed by the regimental commanders, upon the recommendation of regi- mental adjutants. He ranks with first sergeants, receiving pay at the rate of from .$"25 to $30 per month according to length of service. DRUMMER. In the United States Army en- listed MICH are appointed and trained to act as drummers. They rank as privates, and with the fifers collectively constitute the regimental field music or drum corps. There is one tifer and one drummer to each company. In the British Army they act as buglers in the daily routine of barrack and camp life, announcing by bugle or dnini the various duties of the day. DRUM'MOND, George. See Perth, Earl of. DRUMMOND, Sir GoRnox n77"2-lS.';4K A T!riti-)i ~oMi.r, born in Quebec. lie entered the army as an ensign in the Royal Scots in 1780, was rapidly promoted, and in 1704 attained the rank of lieutenant-colonel of the King's Liver- pool Regiment, which he commanded in several campaigns on the Continent, particularly distin- guishing himself at the battle of Ximeguen. He served in the Eg>"ptian campaigns of ISOOOl, commanded a division in .Tamaica from ISO.') to 1807, and in 1810. with the rank of lieutenant- general, became second in command to Sir George I'revost, connnander of the forces in Canada, lie took part in the American war of 1812, coni- nanding the liritish at the indecisive battle of Lundy's Lane, or Uridgewater, on July 2,i, 1814; and remained in Canada as commander-in-chief of the Kritisli forws after the clo.se of the war, until 1810, He was promoted to the rank of general in 182,).

DRUMMOND, Henry ( 1S.-)1-'J7 I. An English author and cvallgcli^t, born in Stirling, Scotland. From the high -chool of Stirling and a boarding school in Crieir, he passed to the I'niversity of Edinburgh (18(10). Four years later he began his preparation for the ministry at Xew College, Edinburgh. Stirred by the preaching of Moody, he cngiiged in active mission work (1873-751 : iu 1877 he was appointed lecturer on natural science in the Erec Church College, Glasgow; and in 1884 became professor of theologj". He now began missionary work among college stu- dents with very great success. The religious movement he initiated spread throughout the English-speaking world; and he was called to America and Australia. In the interest of science, he also made expeditions to the Rocky .Mountains and to South Africa. The aim of Drummond was to reconcile science and religion. To this end he wrote Natural Law in the Spiritual World (1183), and The Ascent of Man (1894). He also published Tropical Africa (1888): Travel Sketches (1890), and other books and addresses, among which is The Greatest Thing in the World (1890), Drummond's books were widely read and made a deep impression. For his Life, consult George Adam Smith (London, 1902) : Lennox (New York, 1901); Simpson (New York, 1901).

DRUMMOND, Thomas (1797-1840). A Scottish engineer. In 1820 he was engaged by Colonel Colby to assist in the trigonometrical survey of the United Kingdom. The incandescence of lime having been brought under his notice at a lecture on chemistry, the idea occurred to him that it might be advantageously used on the survey to render distant objects visible. He accordingly made experiments, which resulted in the introduction of the lime-light (Drummond light, q.v. ). A heliostat (q.v.) of his invention has also been extensively used. He was head of the commission appointed to readjust the borough boundaries under the provisions of the Reform Bill of 1832, and in 1835 became Under Secretary for Ireland.

DRUMMOND, William ( 1585-1649). A Scottish poet, descended from a very ancient and noble family, and born at the family seat, Hawthonden, near Edinburgh. He was educated at the high school of Edinburgh, and at the university of that city, where he took his degree of A.M. in 1005. During 100708 he was on the Continent, attending law lectures in Bourges and Paris. He returned in 1009. and in the following year went to Hawthornden, which, according to the learned Ruddinian, '"was a sweet and solitary scat, and very fit and proper for the muses," and there spent his life in his favorite literary pursuits. Drummond enjoyed the friendship of many literary men, and the record of a famous visit of Ben .Tonson to Hawthornden. in the winter of 1018-19, has been preserved in Drummond's Notes's of Ben Jonson's