Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/481

* DOVE. 415 DOVEKIE. fear]." .roiind the page are the lines below, in Old English text: •' In this desert wiUi and wn.»*to. Seven (owls are flying with Htght, That are seven trills <>t tiie Holy  God both day and night." .■ dove with six wings is a type of the Church of Christ. Sometimes the py. is in the form of the dove, suspended above the altar, the covers of fonts often bear the same image, and it is com- mon as a symbolic decoration of baptisteries. Twelve doves represented the Twelve Apostles, Fig 10. An Italian representation of the Trinity, the Fa^ ther and the .Son in human form, and the Holy Spirit sym- bolizeil by a dove born from the breath of the Father and descending upon the ISon. (Fourteenth century.) and the bird is the emblem of any believer what- ever. The dove belongs to various legends more or less remote from the present line of thought. Thus, the emblem of Saint Remigius is a dove with an oil-cruse in its beak, "recalling that at the anointing of King Clovis a cruse of oil was brought from heaven by a dove at the prayer of this saint." In other cases it represents a visual benediction descending upon a cross or upon the sacred monogram. Thus the significance of the bird came to be so broad as to mean simply ■ Chrisitian. DOVE. The dove is by the common law one of the wild animals (ferm naturce). and, as such, not the subject of larceny, unless at the tiiue of the taking in the custody of the' person asserting ownership. An escaped pigeon is, like other wild things, common property ; but if it be domesticat- ed, or if found in a dovecot, it partakes of the status of domestic animals and is protected like other personal property. The right of erecting or keeping dovecots was in England, as well as in Scotland, in ormandy. and elsewhere, an ex- clusive privilege of the feudal lords, and was rigorously protected by law, but such exceptional privileges have long been abolished. See Feb^ Natib.k. DOVE, do've, Alfred (1844—). A Oerman historian. He was bom in Berlin, a son of Hein- rieh Wilhelm Dove(q.v.). After studying medicine and the physical sciences at Heidelberg and Hcr- lin (1861-06), he became a journalist, and was successively the editor of the (Ireiizboten. (1870) and of the pilblication Im Xeiien Reich. During the period 1874-!)1 he was professor of his- tori' at Breslau (1874-84) and Bonn (1884-01). Returning to his journalistic activity in the lat- ter year, he became for a time editor of the Allfic- m'riiir /.ritiiiii; in Munich. He pul)lished the posthumous manuscripts of Von Ranke. complet- ing both the Wettcjeschichte and the editing of the Siimtliche ll'erfce of that celebrated author in 1890, after an arduous labor of four years. Among his own publications may be mentioned: Kaiser Wilhelms geschichtliche Gcsfalf (1888); Nationalprinzip in der Weltgeschichte (1890). DOVE, Hf.jnricu Wilhelm (1803-79). A German physicist and meteorologist, born at Liegnitz, in Silesia. He studied at Breslau and Berlin. He was successively privat-docent and assistant professor of natural philosophy in Konigsberg. He was transferred to the Univer- sity of Berlin in 1820. and in 1837 was elected to a seat in the Academy of Sciences. His writings, which are very numerous, are to be found for the most part in the memoirs of that academy, and in Poggendorff's Annalen. His works include re- searches dealing with meteorology', climatology', induced electricity, and circularly polarized light. Among his works may be mentioned: Ueher Mass und Messeii (1835), a treatise on the art of measuring, and the origin and comparison of the metrical standards of different nations; Meteo- rologisclw Vntersuclnmgen (1837); Veber die nicht periodischen Aendertiugen der Temperatur- vertheiluiig aiif der Oberfliiche der Erde (1840- 47) ; Untersuchungen im Gebicte der Iiiductions- electricitat (1843). In his capacity of director of the Royal Observatory, he published annu- ally an account of his labors and observations. The treatise on tl;e Distribution of Heat on the Surface of the Globe, which was published in 1853 by the British Association, is also a work of importance. In this work he enters fully into the causes of periodic variations of temperature at different parts of the globe, and lays down in admirable charts the monthly and annual isothermal and isabnormal lines, thus tracing the variations in form and position of the differ- ent isothermals throughout the year. Das Gcsetz der Stiirme (4th ed.. 1874) has also been trans- lated {The Law of Storms). Other works are; TJeber FAeetricitiit (1848); Optische Studien (18.59); Eiszeil, Fohn und Sirocco (1867); Klimatotogie ron orddeutschland (1871). DOVE, dn'vc. Richard Wilhelm (1833—). A Oerman jurist, son of the preceding. He was born in Berlin, studied both ecclesiastical and civil law at Berlin and Heidelberg, and was ap- pointed professor successively in the imi versifies of Tubingen, Kiel, and Giittingen. In 1873 he was nominated a member of the Prussian Court of Ecclesiastical Affairs. Most of his writings have been published in the Zeitschrifl fiir Kirchenrecht. a leading European organ of eccle- siastical law. which he established and began to edit in 1860. DOVEKIE (probably from dove + diminutive -kir). The little auk (Mlc alle) . sea-dove, or rotge. an .Arctic sea-bird (see .'rK) which regu- larly appears in winter on the coasts of Norway,