Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/476

* DOUGLAS. 410 DOUGLAS. and the title is si ill in abeyance. The right nt- tarlied to it of beariiij.' the orowii of Seotlaud was debated before the Privy Couneil in 182a, when it was ruled that Lord Douglas's elaini to that honor, being a elaim of heritable right, fell for deeision to a eourt of law. The motto of the Douglas arms. JiDiiais arriirv ('Never behind'), jiroliahly alludes to the peculiar precedence in- herent "in their earldom of Angus. The bloody liearl connnemorates liruce's dying bequest to the Good Sir James: the three stars which the Doug- lases bear in common with the Murrays seem to denote the descent of both from one ancestor. Karls of Mokton. .Sib .Andbew of IXjicl.^s, who appears in record in 1248, was apparently a younger son of Sir Archibald, or Krkenbald, of Douglas, the second chief of the house. His son, Wii.i.iAM OF UoiGLAs, swore fealty to King Kd- vard I. for his lands in West Lothian in 1296. and was probably the father of Sir James of Douglas — surnamed the Lothian, to distinguish him from his kinsman of Clydesdale — who. in l.'il.i, had a grant from Bruce of the lands of Kincavil and Calder-clere. He died about 1320, being succeeded by his son. Sir William of DovGLAS, of Liddesdale, who greatly enlarged the family possessions in Fife and elsewhere. The 'Knight of Liddesdale' — as he was called liy his contemporaries, who regarded hira as 'the flower of chivalry' — was assiissinated in l.'!53 by his kinsman, William, first Earl of Douglas, to revenge his wife's dishonor. He was succeeded by his nephew. Sir James of Doiglas, of Dal- keith, a man of literary tastes, who entertained Froissart at his board and possessed a valuable library for the day. He was of great power and inlluencc. and contracted princely alliances. His first wife was a daughter of 'Black Agnes,' the heroic Countess of Dunbar: his second was a sister of King Robert II. ; and he matched his eldest son. Sir .Tames of Douglas, of Dalkeith, with a daughter of King Robert 111. Their grandson married a daughter of King .Tames I., and in 1458 was created Earl of Mor- t<m. His grandson, the third Earl, dying without male issue in l.i,53, the earldom devolved on his daughter's husband, the Regent Morton, .Iames Dortii.As, great-grandson of Archibald Bell-the- Cat. After his fall the title went to Akohihai.d, eighth Earl of Angus; and when he died childless, in l.iSS, it passed to Sir William DoroLAS. of Loehleven, who thus became seventh Earl of Mor- ton. His losses in the great Civil War compelled him, in lfi42, to sell Dalkeith to the Earl of Buccleuch, and his Tweeddale and Eskdale lands to others; but Al)erdour and other old domains of Hie family still remain with his dcscemhinl. the Karl of Morton, who descends legitimately in the male line from William of Douglas, the progenitor of the race in the twelfth century. Other Branches. In the seventeenth century the descendants of Sir William Douglas of Drum- lanrig, an illegitimate son of the hero of Otter- burn, were created earls, marquises, and clukes of Queensbcrry, earls of March, and carls of Sol- way, of whicii titles only that of the Marquis of Qneenslx-rry remains in the family. During the same period younger branches of the family ■n-ere earls of Selkirk. Forfar, and Dumbarton, and held ofher titles, of which that of the Earl of Selkirk is the only one not now dormant or ex- tinct. BlBLlocBAPllY. Hume of Godscroft, A History of the House of Douglas and Angus (Edinburgh, 1044; reprinted 1748), preserves the Iraililioiis of the family, but its accuracy is not to be trust- ed. The earlier history of the Douglasi's has been critically examined by Chalmers in his t'alc- duiiiii. vol. i. (London. 1807) : by Riddcll in his Jfciitiirk.t K/ioH ^'cu/c/l I'cciugc Lair ( Kdinburgh, 1833) : by Cosmo lunes, in the Itcyislium Hpisco- pat us Slornrknsis (Kdinburgh, 1837), and the I.ibrr tl. Marie dc Calchou, vol, i, (Kdinburgh, 184(>) : and by Joseph Roberston, in the Oiigiiivs J'ariK-liialiS Sroliw, vol. i. (Kilinburgh. 1S.')1). The descent of the houses of Angus and Dalkeith was first ascertained by Riddcll in his ]{cniarks upon tycotch I'crrage Law, pp. 154-li4 (Kdin- burgh, 1833), and in his Stcu-aitiiinn. The char- ters and correspondence of the Morton family have been edited for the Bamiatyne Club by Mr. Cosmo Innes, in the Rcgistrum Honoris dc Mor- ton (Edinburgh, 18o3). Consult especially Dic- tionini/ of iilionul liiography, xv., 201-375. DOUGLAS, David (1798-1834). A Scottish botanist and traveler, born at Scone, Perthshire. He visited the United States in behalf of the Royal Horticultural Society in 1823. In his capacity as a collector he .set out on a tour to the Pacific in 1824. and in the following year reached Fort Vancouver. It was on this scien- tifically fruitful journey that he discovered the spruce subscuent!y named after him. the 'ribcs,' several species of gooseberry and currants, and other plants, as well as birds and mammals. After another sojourn of five years in California and British Cohimbia, he visited the Sandwich Islands in 1834. where he died from wounds in- flicted by an infuriated bull. He introduced into botany more than l.W specimens of trees and plants iniligcnous to America. DOUGLAS, Ellen. A character in Scott's Ladii of the Lake, who receives a signet ring from the King, disguised as the Knight of Snowdon, and later takes it to Stirling, making the monarch redeem his pledge by i)ardoning her father and lover. DOUGLAS. Gawix or GA^^^• (c.l474 1522). A Scottish poet, the third son of Archibald, fifth Earl of Angus. He was educated at Saint . - drews for the Church, and was early api>ointi'd to Prestonkirk, near Dunbar. In 1501 he was made provost of Saint Giles, Edinburgh. From the marriage of his nephew, the sixth Earl of Angus, to tile widowed queen of .Tames IV., Doug- las expected rapid preferment : but the jealousy of the nobility and the Regent Albany was such that Douglas, who had, through the influence of the Queen, obtained the bishopric of Dunkeld directly from the Pope (January. 1515). was tried before the Scottish peers, found guilty of conspiring against the privileges of the Crown, mid condemned to imprisonment. He was set at liberty in about a year, and inducted into his bisho|)ric. Owing to his nephew's ill-treatment of the Queen, who thereupon joined with the Re- gen) against the Douglases, he was <lcprived of his bishiipric (1520K He went to Eiiglaml In nhlaiii the aid of Henry VITl.. but nccoinplished nothing, and died suddenly of the |)lague in Lon- don. His poems belong mostly to his early life. They comprise (wo allegories, entitled. Th rnlire of ilonnur ami King Hart, ami a translalion of Vergil's Knrid into Scottish verse. There is, besides, a minor poem on Conscience. To eoch