Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/475

* DOUGLAS. 409 DOUGLAS. fought at Poitiers and distiugiiishod himself in other liekls, was made Karl of Uou^'las. and after- wards, by marriage, beeanie Earl of -Mar. In 1371 he even disputed the succession of the Scot- tish crown with Kobert 11., the first of the Stuarts, which lie claimed as a descendant of the Baliols and Comvns. His pretensions were abandoned only on condition that his son should marry the King's daughter. He died in 13S4. His son. J.MES, second Karl of Douglas and JIar, the conqueror of Hotspur (q.v.). fell at Otterburn in 13SS; and, as he left no legitimate issue, the direct male line of William the Hardy and the Good 8ir James now came to an end. The earldom of Douglas, meanwliile, was be- stowed tin an illegitimate son of the Good Sir James — Akctiib.ld, Lord of Galloway, surnamed the Grim. By his marriage with the heiress of Bothwell he added that barony to the Douglas domains; and, having married his <inly daughter to the heir apparent of the Scottish crown, and his eldest son to the eldest daughter of the Scot- tish King, he died in 1400 or 1401. His son and successor, Akchib. ld, fourth Earl of Douglas, was, from his many misfortunes in battle, sur- named 'the Tyneman' — i.e. the loser. He was taken prisoner at Homildon (1402), and at Shrewsbury in the following year. Rejiairing to France, he was there made Duke of Touraine, and fell at Verneuil in 1424. He was succeeded by his son Archibald, who distinguished himself in the French wars, and, dying in 1439, was buried in the Church of Douglas, where his tomb still re- mains. His son and successor, William, a boy of sixteen, by the splendor of his court aroused the fear of the Scottish King, and was treacher- ously beheaded in Edinburgh Castle in 1440. His French duchy and county died with him ; his Scottish earldom was bestowed on his grand- uncle (the second son of Archibald the Grim), James, surnamed the Gross, who in 1437 had been made Earl of Avondale. He died in 1443, being succeeded by his son Willi.m, who, by marriage with his kinswoman (the only daughter of Archibald, fifth Earl of Douglas, and second Duke of Touraine), again added the lordship of Galloway to the Douglas possessions. He was for a time all-powerful with King .Tames II., who made him lieutenant-general of the realm ; but afterwards losing the royal favor, he seems to have entered into a confederacy against the King, by whom he was killed in Stirling Castle in 1452. Leaving no child, he was succeeded by his brother James, who in 1454 made open war against King James II. as the murderer of his brother and kinsman (the sixth and eighth Earls of Douglas). The issue seemed doubtful for a time: but the Hamiltons and others being gained over to the King's side. Douglas tied to England. The struggle was still maintained by his brothers — Archibald, who by marriage had become Earl of Murray, and Hugh, who, in 1445, had been made Earl of Ormond. They were defeated at Arkin- holni in May. 1455, Murray being slain on the field and Ormond taken prisoner and after- wards beheaded. .Vbereorn. Douglas, Strathaven, Thrieve. and other castles of the Douglases, were dismantled, and the earldom of Douglas came to an end by forfeiture, after an existence of ninety-eight years, during which it had been held by no fewer than nine lords. The last Earl lived many years in England, where he had a pension from the Crown and was made a Knight of tlie Garter. In 1484 he leagued himself with the exiled Duke of Albany to invade Scotland. He was defeated at Lochmaben, but James 111. spared his life on condition of his taking tlie cowl. He died in the Abbey of Lindores in April, 1488; and so ended the elder illegitimate line of the Douglases. Eabls ok Angus. This line was begun with George, the illegitimate son of William, first Earl of Douglas, and ilargaict Stewart, Countess of Angus and JIar. He received a grant of his mother's earldom of Angus in 13S!I, married in 1397 the youngest daughter of King Robert II., was taken prisoner at Homildon in 1402, and died of the plague in England in the following year. He was succeeded by his son William. who, dying in 1437, was succeeded by his son James, yho died without issue, when the title reverted to his uncle. Geouoe, fourth Earl of Angus, took jiart with the King against the Douglases in 1454: his loyalty was rewarded by a grant of their old inheritance of Douglas-dale ; and so, in the phrase of the time, "the Red Doug- las" — such was the complexion of Angus — "put down the Black." He died in 1462, being succeed- ed by his son Archibald, surnamed Bell-the-Cat, and sometimes also called the Great Earl. After filling the highest offices in the State, and adding largely to the family possessions, he retii'ed to the Priory of Canons Regular at Whithorn, in Galloway, where he died about 1514. He was suc- ceeded by his grandson Abchibald, who, in 1514. married the Queen Dowager of Scotland, ilar- garet, sister of Henry VIII. of England and widow of James IV. of Scotland. The fruit of this marriage was a daughter, Jtargaret, who, marrying the Earl of Lennox, became the mother of Henry, Lord Darnley. the husband of Queen Mary and father of King .Tames VI. The Earl of Angus had for a time supreme power in Scot- land: but in 1528 the young King James V. escaped from his hands, and sentence of forfeiture was passed against Angus and his kinsmen. The King swore that while he lived the Douglases should have no place in his kingdom ; and he kept his vow. On his death, in 1542. Angus re- turned to Scotland, and was restoi'ed to his honors and possessions. He died at Tantallon in looii. His nephew, who succeeded him, died two years afterwards, leaving an only son. .Archibald, eighth Earl of Angus. This Good Earl, as he was called, died in 1588, when his title devolved on his kinsman Williaji, the grandson of Sir William Douglas of Glenbervie, second son of Archibald Bell-the-Cat. Dying in 1591. he was succeeded by his son William, who next year obtained from the Crown a sjxjcial recognition of his high privileges as Earl of Angus. He turned Roman Catholic, and died in Paris in 1611. ilARQlISES and DrKES OF DOTT.LAS, AND Lords Douglas. William, eleventh Earl of Angus, was created Jfarquis of Douglas in 1G33, and, dying in 1660. was succeeded by his grand- son .James, who died in 1700, leaving issue one son and one daughter. The son. .Xuchibald. third Marquis of Douglas, was created Duke of Douglas in 1703, and died childless in 1701, when his duke- dom became extinct and his marquisate devolved on the Duke of Hamilton. The descendants of his sister. Lady .Tane Douglas, were British peers, under the title Baron D<iuglas of Douglas Castle, from 1790 till 1857. The chiims of the rivals to the earldom of Angus in 1702 were never decided.