Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/462

* DOREMUS. 398 DORIC ORDER. In 1S61 lie was appointed professor of chemistry an<l toxicology in the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, and in ISti-t professor of elieniistry and physics in the College of the City of New York. He patented several chemical processes, includ- ing methods of tire-extinguishing. DOREMUS, Mrs. Sarah Platt (Haixes) (lSO:i-771. . American philanthropist, born in Xew York City. She early became interested in missionary and philanthropic enterprises, and was active in organizing relief societies and in founding permanent homes and hospitals, par- ticularly for women, . iong these may be men- tioned the Isaac T. Hopper Home for women dis- charged from prison, the House and School of Industry for poor women, and the Xew Y'ork Woman's Hospital. Hi 1800 she established the AVoman's Union Missionary Society. Her efforts in l>ehalf of the wounded soldiers during the Civil War occupy a prominent place among her many noble works. DORIA, a.Vri-a. Andbea (cUfiS-lSOO) . A C^nm^sc admiral. In the first half of his long career he fought in the service of various Italian princes. When Gcn<ia was freed from French domination at the close of the reign of Louis XII.. Doria. at the age of about 45 years, was appointed captain-general of the galleys, and cleared the northern Mediterranean of African pirates. During the first war between Francis I. of France and Charles V., Doria commanded the French fleet, reinforced by his own galleys, and inflicted everywhere severe losses upon the en- emy. After the defeat of Francis I. near Tavia (152.5) Doria accepted the command of the Papal fleet: but upon the return of the King from captivity entered once more the French .ser- vice, with the title of High Admiral of the I..evant. He blockaded Genoa because it had espoused the cause of the Emperor, but finding the independence of his country threatened by the French, Doria with his whole force went over to the Emperor, and by so doing hastened the deliverance of Italy from French domination.. In 152S Doria entered Genoa without resistance, and. refusing the title of sovereign, offered by the EmiXTor, established a new form of government, which remained in vigor up to the end of the Republic. The grate- ful country decreed him the title of 'Father of Peace.' In 1532 Doria won a decisive victory over the Turks near Patras, and the conquest of Tunis (1535) was chiefly his work. He dis- tinguished himself in the disastrous exix'dition of Charles V. against Algiers in 1541. Dis- turbed in his last years by the conspiracy of Fiesco (q.v. ). Doria took fierce revenge upon the conspirators for the death of his nephew, Gianettino. He died without offspring at Genoa in the ninety-third year of his life. Consult: Petit. Avdrif Doria "(Paris, 1S,S7) ; Gucrrazzi, Vitn rli Xitdrcn Doria (Milan, 1874). DORIANS (Gk. AupieU, Dorlcis. Lat. Dores, from Gk. Awpi's, Doris). One of the principal jK'oples of ancient Greece. According to the legend, they took their name from Dorus. the son of Hellen, who settled in Doris (q.v.), which was always regarded by the Dorians as their mother country. The ancestors of theDoriansseeni tohave come from the north or northwest, under thepres- siire of the great southward movement of the Illyrian trflies, which brought to n close the Mycena'an age in Greece. At first they probably occupied much of the later I'hocis and hocris. and were only later forced back into the little moun- tain district of Doris. From the north coaslof the Corinthian Gulf they seem to have crosseil to the Peloponnesus, and made extensive voyages from Xaupactus. Dorians invaded and occupied Crete, and though the northern coast of the l'elo|x)nne- sus was not conipiereil, other adventurers seem to have attacked by sea Laconia, Argolis, and Corinth. Only in Laconia do the invaders seem to have kept themselves sejiarale from the con- quered tril)es, and the Spartans were always re- garded as the representatives of the unmixed Dorian blood. In Greek legt>nd this coni|Ucst of Peloponnesus Aas connected with the tiiythical return of the Ileraclida', or descendants of Heracles, and placed about n.c. 1104. It is prob- able that the migrations did occur during the twelfth and eleventh centuries n.c. From Pelo- ponnesus the Dorians colonized the southwest comer of Asia Minor and the neighboring islands, and planted settlements in Sicily ami southern Italy. In historical times the Dorians seem, in general, characterized by a conservative and some- what stolid character, though by no means insen- sible to art and poetrv. Consult: K. O. -Miiller. Die Dorier (2d ed., Breslau, 1844) ; Busolt, Die Lahcdaimonicr u/id Hire liuiHlcxfioiossrti (Leip- zig, 1878) ; Wilamowitz, Euripides IJerokles (2d ed.. Berlin. 1895) : and the histories of (ireece by Grotc, Heloeh, Busolt. Holm, and Ed. Meyer. For the Dorir dialect, see Grekk Lanoitage. DORIC ORDER. The oldest and simplest of the three Greek orders. It was derived either from Egyptian columns, such as those in the tombs at Beni-Hassan, or more probably from early Myeena>an forms. In any event the original prototype of the Doric Order was probably con- structed of woo<l, which fact, as Chipicz points out, would account for various distinctive elements in the order. In Greece, where it was very popular from about B.C. GOO, its characteristics were a slightly tapering fluted shaft, whose in- tersecting edges were sharp: no base or pedestal: a round and simple capital, above which was an architrave with one vertical face ; above that a frieze with square spaces for sculptural or- namentation, and finally, sur- mounting the whole, a sini|)le cornice. Tlie best remains of the pure Doric order are found in fJrcwe and Sicily, the oldest example being the Temple of Corinth (about B.C. 050), and the l«'st-known specimen the Par- thenon at Athens (B.C. 438). The Romans adopted the Doric order, but changed its character and enriched it. sometimes giving it a base, and adding various Tus- can features. Even then, how- ever, it was little used. Tlie Italian architects of the six- teenth century also had a Doric order, but it was essentially difl'crent from the original form, being rather a derivative of the Homan type than <if the Grecian. (For de- tailed treatment of the order, see Column; E.- DORIO COLITUH.