Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/428

* DOLOMIEU. 36C DOLPHIN. de Dolomieu is among the Mcmoires of the Jnstiliiti- for 1800. DOLNYA TUZLA, dal'nya tCoz'li. The capi- tal of a disirict and a garrison town iu ISolhnia, .iislriaHuiii:ary. [.icluresquely situated on the jnUa, amid mountainous scenery, 3SVj miles by rail soutlKa--t of Doboj. It has coal-mines, salt- works, a distillery, and an important trade in the products of an "asrioultural and stock-raising region. Its salt-mines have been worked since the time of the Romans. Population, in 1895, 11.034. DOL'OMITE (named in honor of the Frencli ^i-oU.-isl Duli.mieu), Bitteh Spak, or JI.g.xe- siAX LisiESToXE. Acalcium-magnesium carbonate that crystallizes in the hexagonal system. It is white to reddish or greenish-wliite and sometimes of darker shades, even reaching brown and black in some varieties, with a vitreous and sometimes pearly lustre. Dolomite, both as a mineral and as a "rock, is found in various parts of Europe. In the United States it occurs at many localities in Vermont. Khode Island. New Jersey, New York, and .Missouri. It is found both crystal- lized and massive. The crystallized varieties in- clude the pearl spnr. which is so called from its lustre. The massive varieties are frequently colored; the variety containing iron is called broicii upar: the varieties containing manganese and cobalt are reddish. The compact varieties are used as building-stones. The Houses of Parliament in London were built from a variety found at Bolsover :Moor, and Saint Patrick's Cathedral, in New York City, is built from a variety found in Westchester County, N. Y. Calcined and slaked, dolomite yiolils a cement offering considerable resistance to the action of witer" Calcined dolomite is used as a lining for Bessemer converters (see lnoN and Steel 1. and the mineral when treated with sulphuric acid yields calcium and magnesium sulphates, and so is used in the manufacture of Epsom salts. DOLOO'. The capital of Mandara (q.v.). DOLOBES, dA-hVras, Grito de (Sp., shout of Dolores). The historic acclamations which wel- comed the hoisting of the rebel banner on Septem- ber 10 1810. in Dolores, a town in the Mexican Province of Guanajuato. They initiated the overthrow, in that countrj-, of Spanish rule. DOLPH, d.-.lf. .John n. (1835—). An Ameri- can figure and animal painter, born at Fort Ann, N '. He studied in -Vntwerp, under Van Kuyck, and in Paris, and afterwards opened a studio in New York City. Although his works include fl.nires and portraits, he is best known by his graceful, spirited pictures of cats and dogs. DOLPH, .TosET-ii XoBTON- (1835-97). An mcrican politician. He was horn at Dolphs- bur" X V. was educated at Genesee A eslcyan SenTi'nary at Lima, and after teaching school several years, during which he also studied law, "he was "admitted to the Bar at Binghamton in 1801 In 1802 he emigrated to Oregon, cro-^sing the plains as a member of Captain Crawford's 'Oregon Escort.' a volunteer company authorized bv ac't of Congress to protect emigrants to the Pacific Coast. In 1803 he began the practi<-e of law at Portland. Ore., in partnership with .John H Mitchell, afterwards United States Senator. In 1864 he was elected city attorney, and m 1865 was appointed by President Lincoln United States Alloniev for the District of Oregon. He scned in the Oregon State Senate from 1800 to 1S70, and in 1883 was elected to the United SUtes Senate, to which he was reelected in 1889. in the Senate he took a prominent part in legislation, being in his second term chainnan of the Committee on Coast Defenses, and a member of the committees on Public Lands, Foreign Rela- tions and Commerce. He was one of the first Senators from the Far West actively to oppose the projiosition for the free coinage of silver. DOLPHIN (OF. ilalphiii, daulphiii, Lat. del- phiiius, from Gk. ii<pls, tlclphis, dolphin). A cetacean of the family Dclphinida-, ehaiaclerizcd by the moderate relaiive size of the head, differ- ing in this from the cachalots, and also usually b/ having numerous simply conical or nearly conical teeth in both jaws, although some of the species lose those of the ujiper jaw at an early age. The blow-hole is single. The family Del- phinidLe includes, along with the dolphins, black- lish, porpoises, grampuses, etc., many animals which on account of their larger size arc com- monly called 'whales,' as the beluga, etc. The names 'dolphin' and 'porpoise' are often used interchangeably, but the true dolphins have the snout prolt)ngc"d into a rather slender l)eak. which is abruptly separated from the convex forehead, even by a" marked furrow; both jaws are fur- nished "with numerous equal teeth. The species are numerous, and none apparently has a very wide geographical range. They are voracious animals, and arc said to prey not only on fishes, medus*. cephaloiiods. etc., but even on the wounded and feeble of their own species. They live in herds, which often delight the voyager in the ocean solitude by their gambols. Gather- ing about a ship, they display their agility in a thousand graceful motions, now lea])ing with curved bodies many feet into the air, then dart- ing through a wave with incredible velocity, leav- ing a slender wake of whitening foam under the water; now the thin back-fin only is exposed, cutting the surface like a knife; then the broad and muscular tail is elevated as the animal plunges perpendicularly into the depths. Th^e common dolphin (Dclphinus ilclphis) is found in the Mediterranean and in the northern tlantie Ocean. It is usually not more than or 8 feet long, but individuals have been seen of 10 feet. The body tapers toward the tail, which is erescent-slia"pcd, and about a foot in breadth. The beak is about inches long, and the blow-hole crescent-shaped. The color is blackish on the back, grayish on the sides and satiny white. The female dolphin brings forth a single young one at a lime, which she suckles and nurses with great care. Tlie flesh of the dolphin was formerly considered a delicacy, and sailors still regard the .■apture of one as a hiippv event, giving a beef like alternative to their fare of salted meat. From the form of its beak, the dolphin receives from the French the names of hcc d'oie (goose- beak) and oiV dc mcr (sea-goose). It was very different Iv regarded and designated by the an- cient Greeks, to whom it was hicros ichthiis (sacred fish), and was invested with many fabulous attributes, and was the subject of many mvtholoi;ieal legends. It was supposed to be peculiarly friendly to men, perhaps iM-enuso