Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/423

* DOLCI. 361 DOLE. fourteen, he painted a portrait of himself, espe- cially good in color, now in the Pitti Gallery. Although a pupil of Jacopo Vignali (q.v.), he did not follow the general tendency of the .Man- nerists, but finished his works very earefully, and cimfined himself chiefly to small pictures of a religious nature. His colors are not without harmony, but their effect is marred by heavy, dark shadows, and the surface of his pictures is almost as smootli as porcelain. His work is chielly characterized by its religious sentimental- ity. Among his best paintings is his own por- trait at the age of fifty-six, and that of the "Archduchess Claudia," both in the UlBzi at Florence: "Christ Blessing the Bread and Wine," and "Saint Cecilia," in the Dresden Gallery; and the famous "JIagdalen" at Munich. His works maj- be best studied in the Uffizi and Pitti gal- leries, and in the Corsini Palace in Florence. His only picture painted life-size, the "Virgin Appearing to Saint Louis. Bishop of Toulouse" (Uffizi), shows his incapability of treating larger subjects. His works were often repeated by him- self, and especially by his daughter and pupil Agnese, and have been frequently engraved. He died in Florence, January 17, 1686. Consult Baldinucci, Xotize de' professori del disegno (Milan, 1812). DOL'CINITES, or DUL'CINISTS. The fol- lowers nf Dolcino. See Apostolic Beethben. DOL'DETJMS (apparently a quasi-Lat. form of dialectic Engl, dold, dolt, really p.p. of dull, to stupefy, from dull, AS., OS., dol, Ger. toll, stupid, mad). A name given by sailors to that part of the ocean near the equator in which calms and light baffling winds prevail with hot, sultry air, local squalls, thunder, and rain. In the doldrums sailing vessels beat about for weeks and they were formerl.v the dread of those vessels that had to cross the equator. The sailing directions and charts published by Maurj' were the first to give comprehensive directions for avoiding those parts of the ocean most troubled by the doldrums. The doldnuns proper oscillate north and south of the equator with the season of the year. They lie farthest north in July, August, and September, and farther south in January, February, and Slarch. In the Atlantic Ocean in February, the region having most characteristic doldrums ex- tends between the equator and latitude 5" N'. and between longitudes 50° and 30° W., whereas in August it extends between latitudes 5° and 10° N. and longitudes ^0" and 45° W. In the Pacific Ocean, in .lanuary, the doldrum region extends, with but few interruptions, between the equator and latitude 15° S. and from longitude l."?0° E. eastward to longitude 145° W. In .Inly it ex- tends over two regions somewhat separateil from each other, namelv from latitude 10° N. to lati- tude 10° S., and from longitude 1.30° to 105° E., and again from longitude 145° to about 80° W., and from latitude 5° to 15° X. The region of the doldrums is characterized by the highest tempera- tures and moistures, coupled with the feeblest winds that occur an'where on the ocean ; the ocean surface in these regions is of a glassy smoothness, often bearing a thin layer of oil and waste left hy passing vessels and floating for a long time on the surface. An irruption of cool air into the dnldnims has been suggested as the initial step in the formation of a rainy region in which develop the West Indian hurricanes. Al- though there is but little horizontal motion of the air within the doldrums, yet there appears to be considerable vertical motion. The doldrum region lies between the region of northeast and southeast trade winds and is the apparent start- ing-point of the great upper currents that are supposed to flow from the equatorial regions norlli and south toward cither pole. , DOLE, dol. The capital of an arrondissement in the Department of .Jura. France, 25 miles soutlieast of Dijon (ilap: France, M 4). It is picturesquely situated on a vine-clad slope rising from the right hank of the Kiver Dmilis. and the environs are tastefully laid out in gardens and promenades. The principal buildings are the Church of Xotre Dame, a Gothic edifice of the sixteenth century ; the Hotel Dieu, the barracks, the Palais de .lustice. occupying a conventual building of the fourteenth century, and the Tower of ^"erg3•. which is now used as a prison. Its public institutions include a college, an agricul- tural society, a school of design, a picture gal- lery, and a public library. The chief manufac- tures of Dole are hosierj', tiles, pottery, chemical products, and beer: there are also iron-smelting furnaces, flour-mills, and some trade in corn, wine, wood, marble, and iron. Population, in 1901, 14,627. Dole was a Roman station and garrison town, and possesses the remains of a Roman bridge, aqueduct, and theatre. It be- longed to the dukes of Burgundy and resisted with great spirit the efforts of Louis XL to an- nex it. It became part of France in 1678. DOLE, Charles Fletcher (1845 — ). A Uni- tarian clergyman. He was bom at Brewer, Maine, and was educated at Harvard and at An- dover Theological Seminary. He became profes- sor of Greek at the L^niversity of Vermont in 1873, and in 1870 was appointed minister of the First Congregational Church of .Jamaica Plain, Boston. His publications include: Earl;/ Hebrew Stones (1886) : The Golden Rule in Business (1895) ; A Catechism of Liberal Faith (1895) ; The Coming People (1897); The Theology of Civilization (1899); The Religion of a Gentle- man (1900). DOLE, Xatha.v Haskell (1852 — ). An American editor, translator, and author, born at Chelsea, Mass. He graduated at Harvard in 1874, was for some years an instructor in secon- dary schools in Massachusetts, and was later active as a writer and journalist in Philadel- phia, Xew York, and Boston. He has edited several publications, of which the most impor- tant is The Tiubaigat of Omar Khainjam (a vari- orum edition with Fitzgerald's fifth version as a basis; 2 vols.. 1890, and frequently since) and the Collected Works of Coint Tolstoy (20 vols., 1899). His translations from Daudet, Scheflel. and Tolstoy are also well known. His original works include The Haicthorn Tree, and Other Poems (1895) ; a Life of Francis William Bird (1897) ; and Omar, the Tent-Maker (1899) DOLE, Sanford Ballard (1844—). An Ha- waiian statesman. He was bom of American parentage, in Honolulu. Hawaii, graduated at Williams College (WiIliamsto«-n, Mass.), and was admitted to the bar in Boston. He was judge of the Supreme Court of Hawaii from 1887 to 1893. On the overthrow of the kingdom in 1893 he became President of the Provisional Gov- ernment, and in the fidlowing year was elected