Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/406

* DOEBIRD. 352 DOG. BOEBIRD, or Dououbibd. The Eskimo cur- lew. S>v (. IKLEW. DO'EG. All Edomitish servant of Saul, prob- ably kiH-por of his assos (1. Sam. xxi. 7 : xxii. 9). Ho hud lingered in the sacred precimts of Nob and noticed David's iutcreourse with the priest Aliiinoleeh. When he informed fSaul of this, the King ordered his warriors to put .liinielech and the other priests of Xob to death. Upon their refusal to do so, Doog performed the deed ( I. Sam. xxii. 9-18). Doeg is also mentioned in a late superscription to Psalm Hi., but the psalm itself was probably not written before the begin- ning of the second century n.c. DOEG. A character in Drj'dcn's Absalom and Achilophcl, a caricature on the youthful j>laywright Elkanah Settle, who had gained the laureate's ill will. DOES, doos, J.KOii VAN DEB (the elder) ( IG'23- 73). A Dutcli jiainter. burn in -Vmsterdam. He studied with Nicolas Moyaert and then went to France and Italy, where lie lived for some time. His pictures are of landscapes with sheep and goats, the backgrounds often scenes near Rome. His coloring is dark and sometimes dry, but much of his work has merit. The galleries of Vienna, Brussels, and Munich possess pictures by him. His son .Iakob (1.54-99) was the pupil of Karel du Jardin and Kaspar Netscher and painted historical pictures, . othcr son, Simon (1U53- 1717). was the |mpil of liis father, and also stud- ied under .drian van dcr Vclde. His work is in landscape, figures, and portraits. DOFFER (from doff, ME. doffe, from do + off). That part of a cardingmachine which takes the cotton from the cylinder when carded. See Cabdixg. DOG (AS. docgn). A carnivorous mammal of the family C'anida'. especially the gcniis C'anis, and more specifically one that is domesticated. The dog, or dogs, considered as a subject for jiresent purposes, requires treatment from sev- eral points of view, namely: 1. As a tribe, in its zoological relations. 2. As a more limited group, according to the ordinary acceptation of the term 'dog.' 3. As to the relation of domestic dogs to man- kind. The dog tribe includes the whole of the carniv- orous family Caiii<l;e. for the zoiilogieal history and character of which see O.vnid.ic. It embraces a variety of forms which are divisible into at least five groups: (a) The long-eared fox-dog (Otocyon) of South Africa, which is the mo.st generalized mcmlH-r of the family. See Fox-Doii : Otocyon. (b) The bush-dog (Icticyon) of South .Amer- ica, a specialized aberrant form. See Br.sii-Doo. (e) The fo.xes, forming what Huxley called the alope.oid or vulpine series, and embracing the typical foxes, fennecs, corsacs, kit foxes, etc. See Fox: Fen NEC. etc. (d) The hunting-dog (Lycaon) of South Africa. See Hixtinc-Dog. (e) The wolves, forming Huxley's thoiiid or lupine series, in which are found the wolves, jackals, fox-dogs, crab-eating dog. and similar wild and domestic 'dogs' of the world. The first four of these subjects are treated of elsewhere, as indicated by the cross-references noted above. In the last group (e), wolves, jack- als, fox-dogs, etc., many of the individual forms are separately described under their names. There remain then for consideration here: ( 1) a group which may properly be desiginited wild dogs, and (2) the domestic dogs. ILU DoG.s. There exist in southeastern Asia and in Australia three or four species of canine animals which are hardly separable from the genus Canis by distinct characters of importance, yet which seem to foini a natural grouj) that may be consistently separated as a genus or subgenus C'yon, characterized mainly by the lack of the small last tubercular molar tooth on each side of the lower jaw (as was the case with fossil Cynodictis), by having a coni|)aratively short muzzle, slightly convex facial outline, rather short legs, with long hair between the footpads, and 1"2 to 14 mam- ma instead of the normal ten. The dingo may, for the present, be included in this group. Their resemblance in general is to jackals, of which Huxley considers them a locally modified type, bui they have a more 'doggy' ap|)caiance than either jackals or wolves. It is from this re- semblance that the designation 'wild dogs' arises, and not from the belief that any of them is a direct progenitor of modern domestic dogs, even though individuals of all of them may occa- sionally have been tamed and attached to human owners. There is much general resemblance among them. In size they somewhat exceed the jackals, being from 30 to 38 inches long exclusive of the tail, which in all is long (about two lifths of the length of the body) and bushy, like that of a jackal or a fox. All have comi)aratively long and coarse hair, the prevailing color of which is rust-red in sununer and lighter in winter, and generally decidedly darker on the back and tail than on the chest, belly, and inside of the legs. They go abroad in the daytime rather more than at night, hunt in packs of a dozen or more, led by an old male: and liwcll by families, .some- times polygamous, in crevices of rocks, hollow trees and similar retreats, but they do not dig burrows. The liest known of these is the Indian wild dog {Cants, or Cyon, Dcccaticnsis), which in- habits the forested parts of the whole Himalayan region, the treeless area of eastern Tibet, and southward as far as the great forests of India. The more southerly form, known as the dliolv in the far south of the peninsula, xona hiitti (golden dog) in central India, and kulstin among the Mahrattas, has been set apart by some students (see Mivart, Proceedings of the Zoolof/ical So- ciety of London, 1890, p. 88) as a separate .species (Canis primwrus), but Hie distinction is much doubted. The native name of the northern form is 'buansu,' to which the reader is referreti for further particulars. The Malay wild dog (Canis nitilans) i.s a rather smaller species, which occurs east of Ben- gal throughout the Malay Peninsula, and also in Java, Sumatra, and perhaps Borneo; whether the wild dog of upper Burma behmgs to this or the preceding species is dubious, and this doubt lends color to the opinion of some natural ist.s that these Eastern forms are not sjiecifically sepa- rate from the Indian one. Blanford regards the Malay dog as distinct and describes it as smaller, more slender in body and limbs, with shorter and harsher hair, a deep ferniginous red. Its habits in general seem to be those of the Indian dog.