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* DIXON. 336 DLUGOSZ. Normal Sfhnol. There are manufactures ot con- densed milk^ shoes, plows, wagons, screens, boxes, I'U-. Dixon, seltleil in 183ti. is governed l>y a revised I'harter of 18t!!t, which provides for a mayor, elected annually, and a unicameral coun- cil." ropiilation. in IsilO. oltil: in lUOO. 7i»17. DIXON, .Iame.s Main (1850—). . Ameri- can Icaclicr and author, born (it Paisley. Scot- land. He graduated at Saint .Andrews I'niversity in ISTll, and was appointed Tyndall Hruce schol- ar and tutor of philosophy at the university in the same year. He was professor of Knglish and secretary of the Imiierial t'ollcge of Engineering, Tokio, .lapan. from ISTH to ISSli. when he was called to the Imperial I'niversity of .lapan iu the same capacity. From 1S!)2 to l!)OI he was professor of English Literature at Washington University. Saint houis. Mo. He compiled a Dictioiiari/ of Idiomatic Enfflisb Phrases ( 18!1|). DIXON, .loSEPii (17!)!)-ISt>9). An American iiivciiior. He made important improvements in photography, lithography, bank-note printing, steel smelting, and lens-grinding. He was by turns a shoemaker, printer, lithographer, wood- engraver, and physician, and gained great wealth from the crucible works which he established at Salem, Mass., in 1827, and removed to Jersey City twenty years later. DIXON, HiciiAKi) Wat.sox ( 18.'i3-l!iOI ) . An English poet and historian, born in London and educated at Oxford. He became honorary canon of Carlisle in 1874. vicar of Hayton. in Cum- berland, in 1875. and vicar of Warkworth. in Northumberland, in 1883. His poetical works in- clude: Mano: A I'oclical Histon/ in Four Books (1883); Odes and Kclogiics (1884); Lyrical I'ocms (1886); The .S'/ori/ of Eudocia and Her Brothers (1888); Son;is and Odes (1890). IHs nmst celebrated poetic ])roductions are the odes entitled: On Conflietinfi Claims; On Advancing Age; and The Spirit ll'ooed. His best title to fame, however, rests ipon the splendid work entitled Histori/ of the Church of England from tlic Abolition of the lionuin .Jurisdiction (0 vols., 1877-1002). In this work the accuracy of the painstaking investigator and scholar is admirably combined with the imaginative quality of the poet ; and it is the blending of these distinct qualilications which has conduced to its accept- ance as an authoritative Wdrk. DIXON, William Hkpwortii (1821-79). An English writer and traveler. He was born in Manchester, but removed to London, where he became a contributor to the AthenO'um and the Daily ews. A series of papers on "The Litera- ture of the Lower Orders." and on "London Prisons," which appeared in the Daily .Ycics, attracted considerable attention, and were the basis in part of his tirst book, .lohn Uoirnrd and the Prison Morld of Europe (1849). In 1851 appeared his Life of ^'iUiam Penn, which was written to answer the damaging charges made by Macaulay. Two years later appeared his anonymous pamphlet. The French in England, designed to allay the fear then prevalent of a Frcnih invasion. From 1853 to 18(i0 he was editor of the Athentrum. Among his writings, in addition to those mentioned above, are: The Lndi/ of Koherl Blair (18531; The Personal Hislnni of Lord Haeon, from I'npublishcd Papers (18«lj: The fjolii J.adii (18(53): .Vnr America (18ti7); Spiritual Wives (1808); Free Russia (1870); The Sicitzers (1872); History of Tuo Queens (1873-74): While Co»i<;i(e'sf (1875); British Ciipnis (IS79). DIXON ENTRANCE, A strait im the west coast of Nortli .Vnu'rica, .separating Prince of Wales Island and ollii'rs of the arcliipelago otf the south arm of Alaska from t^uccn Charlotte Island on the south (Map: Hritisli Columl>ia, B 4). It divides, in this iiuarter. the British possessions and those of the Cnited Slates. The strait is about 100 miles long, from east to west, and 70 miles wide, and connects the Paeilic with Hecate Strait on the east. DIX'WELL, .lonx (I(i08-S9). One of the three judges of Charles 1. who took refuge in America. He took an active ]>art in the English Kevolution as a colonel in the Parliamentary .rmy. was a member of Parliament for several years, and was one of the court which condenmed Cliarles I. to death. After the accession of Charles II. he lied from England to save his life, and, under the name of .John Davids, lived for many years undiscovered in .Xmerica, for the most part at Xew Haven. Conn. Consult Stiles. Histori) of Three of the ./ii(/i/<.v of t'harirs I. — Whnlliii. doffe, and Oixircll (Hartford, 17U4). DIZFUL, dez-fool' (Pers., Dis Bridge). A town of Persia, the capital and principal mart of the Province of Kluizistan, situated on the river Dis, about 200 miles west of I>pahan (Map: Persia. C 5). The river is crossed by a handsome bridge of twenty arches, and the town contains a large number of mosques, schools, and baths, some of them in ruins. The chief article of conunerce is indigo. The popu- lati.m is estimated at from 10,000 to 28,000. DJEZZAR, jfz'ziir (Ar. ja::ur, butcher, ty- rant. ficiiM jtnara. to slaughter) (C.1735-IS04 ). A nickname denoting butcher, given to .chmet Pasha, who was ci'lebratcd for his obstinate de- fense of Acre against Napoleon. He wa> born in Bosnia, of Christian parents, but turned Mussul- man, entered the service of Ali Hey, with whom he occupied the position of chief assassin, and rose, through murder and treason, from the con- dition of a slave to the Pashalie of .cre. In 1799 he held .ere against Xapoleon for two months, and forced him to abandon the siege. Stories are extant of his fiendish cruelty, but they are |)rol)al)ly exaggerations. As a ruler and man of ad'airs he was exceedingly capable. DJINNESTAN, iln'n.--stan', or JINNES- TAN. The mythical land of the Djinns or .linn-, tlic Uiiental genii or fairies. DJOWF, jouf. See .TowF. DLTJGOSZ. dloH'gAsh, .Tax (Lat. Loxr.ixis) (1415 SOi. . Polish historian. He was born at r.rzeziiica. and was educated at the I'niversity of Cracow. .s the protege of Bishop Fhygniew of Craiow, and of King Casimir of Poland, he was sent on im|iorlant diplomatic missions to the Pope and also to Hungary. Bohemia, and several other countries. He conducted the eilucation of the King's sons, and instiluled many pious and charitable endowments for university students. The publication that made him famous |s the ftislnrin Polonira (12 vols.. 1455S0K w-liieh eompri-es ji complete liislDry of Poland to the date of publication, and is characterized by a spirit of noble patriotism and by indefatigable research.