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* DIX. 335 DIXON. she visited cvrty State east of the lioeky Mduii- tains, ami procured ameliorative legislation in many ol liieni. She published: The (larluml of Flora (1829); Prisons uuU Prison Disciiiline (1845): and a great iiuniher of memorials on philanthropie subjects. Of many books for chil- dren, Conversations About Comnion Things and Alice and Ruth are typical. DIX, John Adams (1708-1879). An Ameri- can statesman and soldier, born at Boscaweu, X. H. He entered the aiiiiy as a cadet in 1812. served on the Canada frontier througliout the War of 1812. and in 1819 became the aide of (General Brown, then coiiinianding the Northern Department. In 1826 he was sent on a special mission to Denmark, and in 1828 resigned his commission i of captain) to study and practice law in Cooperstown, X. Y. He soon became prominent in politics, and was Adjutant-General of Xew York from 1830 to 1833, and Secretary of State and Superintendent of Common Schools from 1833 to 1840, besides being a prominent member of the 'Albany Regency' ( q.v. ) . He was chosen a member of the Assembly in 1842, and from 1845 to 1849 was a member of the United States Senate. In 1848, when the Democratic Party divided on the question of the extension of slavery, he went with the Free-Soil wing, and was their candidate for Covernor, but was not elected. From January to March. 1861, he was Secretary of the Treasury under President Bu- chanan, and as such endeavored to liave all the revenue cutters in Southern harbors sent north liefore the beginning of hostilities. Among these, two cutters from Xew Orleans were ordered to Xew York. The captain of one of them refused to obey the order, and Dix immediately tele- graphed to have him arrested and treated as a mutineer if he offered any resistance, closing the dispatch with the words: "If any man at- tempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot." In 1801 Dix was appointed major-general of United States Volvmteers. and was placed in command of the Department of Maryland. In ilay. 1802. he was sent to Fortress ilonroe. and immediately after the Xew York draft riots (q.v.). in .July. 1803. was sent to Xew Y'ork to command the Department of the East, which position he retained until July, 1865, when he returned to civil life. Sub- sequently he was Minister to France from 1866 to 1869, and from 1873 to 1875 was Governor of Xew York. Besides miscellaneous papers, he was the author of Resources of the f'ili/ of ?i^eic York (1827); Decisions of the l^ujierintrndrnts of Common I'tchools of Xcic Yorl:, and Laws Re- lating to Common .Sc/ioo/s (1837) ; .1 Winter in Madeira and a Summer in Spain and Florence (1850) ; and Speeches and Occasional Addresses (1864). Consult Alorgan Dix, Memoirs of John A. Dix (Xew York. 1883). DIX, MoRGAX (1827 — ). An eminent Ameri- can clcrg>-man, the son of Gen. .John A. Dix. He was bom in Xew York City, and graduated at Columbia in 1848 and at the General Theological Seminary in 1852. Three years later he became assistant minister of Trinity Church. Xew York, and in 1862 became the rector of the |)arish. His life has been marked by great zeal in reli gious work and by fearlessness in attacking the vices of society. He was. in a number of suc- cessive General Conventions of the Episcopal Church, elected without opposition as president of the House of Clerical and Lay Deputies, an lionor which advancing age compelled him to de- cline in 1901. He has published, among other works: A Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans (1864) ; An Fxposition of the Epistles to the (latalians and Colossians (1865) ; Lectures on the Pantheistic Idea of an Impersonal Sub- sliincc Dciti/ (18651; Lectures on the Tico Estates ( 1872) ; Memoirs of John A. Dix ( 1883) ; llospcl and Philosophy (1886) ; The Sacramental Si/slem (1893) : and .1 History of the Parish of Trinity Church (vols. i. and ii., 1898-1900). DIX'EY, Henry E. (1859—). An American comedian. He was born in Boston, and at the age of nine years became a member there of the Howard Athenaeum Comjiany, taking the part of Peanuts in Under the Gasliyht. His subse- quent experience included roles in Cinderella ot School: The Mascot: Pinafore; and a great variety of other plays. In 1883 he was engaged at the Bijou Theatre, Xew York, in Adonis, the character in which he made his greatest reputa- tion. In 1894 he became a member of Daly's company for a season. Of his later performances, the most noteworthy is his creation of David Garrick in Stuart Robson's production of Oliver Goldsmith (1900). DIX'IE. ( 1 ) A Xorthern ballad of the Civil War. bv T. M. Coolev. (2) A verv popular ballad, by D. D. Eminett (1859), originating with Bryant's minstrels in Xew Y'ork, and first performed at Mechanics' Hall. It was appro- priated by the South, and became one of the great Confederate battle songs of the Civil War. (3) A Confederate war ballad of the Civil War. by Albert Pike (1861), which first appeared in the X'atchez Courier. See Dixie's Land. DIXIE, Lady Florence Caroline Douglas (1857 — ). An English explorer, writer, and champion of woman's rights. She was born in London, tire daiighter of the seventh Marquis of Qucensbury. and married Sir Alexander Beau- mont Churchill Dixie. Bart., in 1875. She spent some time in Patagonia in 1878-79, and described her travels in a volume entitled Across Pata- gonia (1880). She was a correspondent of the Morning Post.oi London, during the Boer War of 1880-81, and has since published: Defense of Zulu- land ( 1882) ; hi the Land of Misfortune ( 1882) ; Oloriana (1893) ; and The New Woman (1896). DIXIE'S LAND, or DIXIE. A term ap- plii'il to the Soiilliern States. Its derivation is nl>s(urc. It is said to have originated in Xew York, where a certain Dixie owned a large num- ber of slaves. The latter, when obliged to mi- grate to the South, grew to look upon their old home as a sort of paradise, which they celebrated in their songs. In time the term Dixie's Land was transferred to their new homes, and so be- came a name for the South among the whites as well as the negroes. The term is also poptil.arly connected with Mason and Dixon's Line — the line of division between the free and the slave States — and is said to have Iieen first used of Texas when that State joined the T'nion. DIX'ON. . city and county-seat of Lee CciMitv. 111., 98 miles west of Chicago, on Rock River, and on the Chicago and Xorlhwestern and the Illinois Central railroads (Map: Illinois, C 2). It is the seat of the Xorthern Illinois