Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/276

* DIET. 232 DIETEKICI. abundance of butter; all grooii vcgeUblcs, no roots, no potatoes; fats and olive oil: fruits, cheese, farinaceous desserts; niilk, cream, cocoa, koumiss, Vicliv water, leiiionadc. mim-ral waters, and stimulants as ordered by the physician. It is imperative that food prepared for invaluU should be well cooked. The taste and appeliu- are not trustworthy guides in sickness, but odors, flavors, and daintv serving should be considered. Food should be served very hot or very cold; reliance ue piac<;u "|."" -^ .- ;■ ,-, ,, „,„„i,inn- seasonin", except with salt, should m general be patients cannot take milk P-Pt"X^'^„^^ V^^^^^ avoided ^ and Lall quantities should be offered {ions of beef, milk, and gluten may be substituted "'^''^'^'^i^^p^ ^^.^^ s,.,.„p,ilous care that utensils and linen be clean. See tha general article Food and the special articles on the more important animal and veg- etable foods, such as Me.t; Fish; Bre.*.d, etc. See also JIkat Extract. ever>- two or three hours, unless vomiting be present. Broths and soups possess very M.all ?Ilue as food, but may be given in addition to the propt-r amount of milk for the -sake f vane y, and to avoid the occurrence of »'!'*!?'*' ^''^'"'^ With the fall of temperature, the simpler ,olid=, are administered by degrees, beginning with sMjft- cooked eggs, green vegetables, oysters, etc. Beef ea is of^verv slight N^Uue, and in no case should reliance be placed upon it as nourishment. ^^ hen '"'in disease of the digestive organs skim-milk is of the highest value. If acute ""^1 '•""'■'?'"1 /° the stomach, such disease is best combated it eas- ilv digested aliments are administered, as milk and lime-water, whey, barley-water, etc In chronic affections of the stomach, with feeble digestion owing to deficiency of the g;.str.c juice, the following articles of food will be found de- sirable: boiled rice, tapioca, arrowroot, biscuits (crackers), and farinaceous vegetables Where fermentation of starchy a"<l fatty foods occurs these must be omitted from the diet, and in their stead acid fruits and vegetables, such as apples, peaches, tomatoes, tamarinds oranges etc should be eaten. In intestinal indigestion and summer diarrha-a, starches and fats should be omitted from the dietary, and milk, egg^. an.ma broths, broiled beefsteak, oysters, and fresh fish are suitable. Habitual constipation due to tor- por of the muscular layer of the intestine may be relieved bv a diet of cereals, whole-wheat bread, fruits, and green vegetables, with liberal quanti- ties of water. ,., . .,„ In maiiv diseases particular diets are requisite. In diabel'es. for example, all sugar and sugar- producins food must be withheld wh. e animal food and fats must he administered m abiHidance. Water must be drunk freely. Saccharin must be substituted for sugar. The patient may therefore take meat soups; fresh fish, lobsters, and crabs; fat meat, poultry, kidneys, sweetbreads, ham, tongue, sausage, and all kinds of game: pickles, sardines, olives, celery; gluten bread, gluten rolls, gluten mush, almond bread and cakes bran cakes- all green vegetables, nuts, acid fruits, er^am custards, cheese, jellies. i^«-"<'"". '"'"f; with saccharin), tea and coffee, buttermilk, kou- miss, skim-milk, red wine, in moderation: min- eral waters. All flour must be carefully avoided. In Jiright's ,liscasc, the patient must avoid over- feeding, and must take easily assimilated food tliat leaves a small amount of nitrogenous waste material. He mav take soup made of arrowToot, milk, and rice, tapioca or vermicelli: fresh whitefish. raw ovsters and clams; very little red meats; chicken, game, fresh pork, bacon and ham- 0"-^ sparinslv: wheat bread, homiin. oatmeal, gruels, toast: green X'-P'"*', lin^!, cooked: mushrooms, rhubarb; simple puddings of milk and rice or of bread; stewed fruits, laxative raw fruits, fruit jellies: milk, kou- miss, barlev- water, buttermilk, and mineral waters; vefv weak tea. In tuhrrcuh..,,^ the patient should eat as much as can be digest^ fd mostlv of fattv and nitrogenous foods, taking food between meals and at bed-time, and thus re- eeivin" some food everi- three hmirs during the dav lie mav take soups: fresh fish and oysters; all" meats not smoked or salted, except pork; eggs in all forms except fried: breads with an DIET (etvniolog^- same as preceding). A name at present apidied to the legislative bodies in the German States, to the provincial assem- blies in Austria, and to the Hungarian 1 arlia nient. These assemblies are called in German Landtaq. The German Imperial Parliament be,irs the nanie of ReichMaq, which word, when applied to the representative assembly of the old German Kmpire (Holv Roman Empire) figures in English works as Diet. The federal assembly of the Ger- manic Confederation (/{inK/r.srnM is also styled Diet in English. The word Diet is also applied to the representative assemblies in the old kingdom of Poland and other countries. The Diet of the Holv Roman Empire was made up of the Sec- toral College (q.v.), the princes of the Empire, spiritual and temporal, and the delegates of the free Imperial cities. The princes, save in the matter of electing the Emperor, had the same rights as the Ele'Moral College. The powers of the free Imperial cities were quite limited, and were not even formally recognized until 1048. Fich of the three colleges voted separately. When they agreed on a measure it was submitted to the Emperor for ratification or for rejection, but he had no power to modify it. Xd measure affectiu" the welfare of the Empire could be passed without the assent of the Diet. The regu- lar meetings were held twice a year, usually in some chief town of the Empire. After the close of the Thirtv Years' War the power of the body declined, thouch it continued to hold its meetings at Ratisbon down to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1S06. ^'""'"'tj. Cryce n« Tloh, Roman Empire (London, 18,1): ait2, Drulschc rcrfdiisunnsqcschichtc (6 vols., Herlin, 1805-90) ; Turner, The Ocrmaiiic Conslitiilion (Xew York, 1388). DIETERICI, de'tf-re'tsC-. Frictricu tl^:'" imiii German Orientalist. Ixirn in Berlin. He'studie.l at the universities of Halle and Her^ lin traveled extensivelv in the East, and in IS-iO was appointed juofessor of Semitic literature in the Universitv of Berlin. He won i)articulaV dis- tinction bv hi"s researches in the .rabic language and literature. The .long list of his published works include: .Hfim/nh Carmni Grammalirum Aiiclorc Ibii Malik cum rommrntano Ibn .lAu (18,51)- Mtitamihii Carmina cum Commcniario Wahidii (18.58) : Die Philosophic dcr Arahrr im ncuntcn u,id :ehnte,, .lahrhuudcrl nach (hnslul (187fi) ; and Die Ahhandlunycti dcr Ichiriin fc«- •Su/fi III Ausicahl (1883-86).