Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/275

* DIES NON. 231 DIET. eial, whcu public policy or the prevention of aiticlis of food must be choscn according to the irremediable wrong requires it, the courts may condition of organs of digestion and the chemical sit on Sunday or any other non-juridical day and changes in process. issue process. Diet in Health. Tlie constituents of the to- While the doctrine under consideration is of tal daily diet most suitable for a healthy man common-law origin, it is now mainly regulated of average requirements and doing an average by statute, and the laws detining it usually de- amount of work are as follows: clare in express terms what juridical acts can and proteids 4 o what cannot be lawfully performed on a dies iw>i. Fats "i!!!!!!!!!!^!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! .'. 2oz! As to the distinction between judicial and minis- Carbohydrates 17 oz. terial acts performed on such a day. see 9 Coke"s Hvater !!.!!!!!! 3 aiiartS JiCiioit.i. (l(i. and 5 Central Law Journal, 26. On the general subject, see 7 i7. See also Day: Holiday: Sixdat. nutrients in a given article of food, it is of course •nT'T^cmT^-r..rrrT^^ ,,.- / t^ ucccssary to takc into account the factor of di- DIESTERWEG, de'ster-vaK, Fkiedricu o-estibility. See Food. Apoi-F W II HELM (I790-18G6). A noted German " Diet ix I xstititiox.s for the Insane. Dr. educator He was born at Siegen. Prussia, .Austin Flint, of Xew York, prepared for use in and in 1808-11 studied at Herborn and Tubingen, the State hospitals for the insane a diet list He taught at Mannheim and at Uornis until ^vhich has met the requirements of such institu- 181.5. was called to the Model School at Frank- Uons for manv vears, with some modifications jort was rector of the Latin sch<Ml. Fiber- according to special indications at certain sea- feld. and in 1820 became director of the new sons or in certain localities, and supplemented Teachers Seminary at Mors, where he laid the ,vith special diet in cases of special need, as de- found.it ion of his great i;eputation as a teacher terniined bv the physicians in charge.' According and educational writer. Tins led to his appoint- ^ this, the following is the daily allowance for nient. m IbSl, as director of the Seminary for ggdj individual: City Schools in Berlin, from which post he re- tired in 1847. after having for years been involved ^^'^t ')i'«i^°°'vi including salted meats, fresh and J., '^ ■., "i, i, •^. salted lish. and poultr.v 12 oz. in serious disagi-eements with the authorities re- piour. to be used in making bread and in cooking garding his reformatory views in connection with (may in part be substituted by cornmeal and the most important phases of higher education. niaiaroni) 16oz. TT '. 11,,^ ^ , . ,^_„ I'otatoes 8 oz. He was pensioned by tlie Government in 1850, Milk 8 oz. and thenceforth propagated his ideas only by his Two eggs 4oz. literary efforts. He was elected to the Prus- luff^'"^ |°|- sian Diet in 1858. Diesterweg stands in the Cheese ""i!!!!!!!!!!!!!'!!!!!!!!"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!;."!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! sozi foremost rank among modern educators, and Rice, hominy, or oatmeal lV4oz. has rendered the greatest service to education Con^ °^r^a) '^"^^ I'^z'"' by his training of teachers. ,As a follower of Tea (black)...!!!!!.'!!!!!.'.'!."."!!;!.'."!.".""."".'.'."!!.".".'.".".'.".'.'.'.'.' % oz. Pestalozzi. he aimed at making every subject „ ^ t ,. ,. . ., of instruction a means of education! and by I^'et, ix Disease In disease the activity of his own example, as well as through his writ- *»g<^ft»°n is generally lessened, and there is a ings. has exercised a far-reaching influence on the ^°*' "*?f or loss from the body ot certain tis- dcvelopment of his method in the yarious sue constituents which in health are replaced as branches of instruction. He advocated his peda- ™P'ab' a* they are excreted. In chronic disease gogical views in the Rheinisrhr Blotter fiir Erzie- }^"^ preservation of nutrition is of great impor- hu„q i,„d Vnterricht, founded bv him in 1827. ^/^f f™"^*]!^ ■'^"'^' ^"'^ ^he highly nutritious and afterwards also in the Piiddqonisches Jahr- l?"^^ ■'"'^°f ^^1"""^ ^'"/.'/Y"' ;<""*•"«' *« huch, which he established in Berlin in 1851 V-™" "^ strength and appetite demand. In acute Among his numerous writings, some of the most "sease. with prostration, withdrawal of nitro- noteworthv are: Das vadmjoqische DeutsMand "'""?"^ ^°f '" generally necessary, together with (1836) : .^treitfraqen auf dem Gehiete der Piida- =" diminution of starches and sugars, and an in- HOffik (1837) -/Leitfaden fiir den Unlerricht in f'''«^sc of lats. In acute processes, accompanied der Formlchre (1845) : Lehrbueh der mathema- Y inflammation, as well as in fevers, serious lischcn Oeoqraphie, etc. (18th ed. 1801) : Metho- <^lia"K<'s "ccur in the constitution of the solids disehes ffandbuch fiir den Gesamtunterricht im ■"'^ """'* "^ ^^"^ ^"^^^ Interstitial fat disap- Reehnen: and several other standard text-books. F^.''' ■n"sdes become pale and relaxed, and their contractilulity is partially lost; digestion DIET (OF. diete. Fr. diite. It.. Port., Sp. dieta. becomes impaired and remains "either feeble, ab from Lat. ditela. Gk. Slaira. diaita, daily regi- normal, or suspended: food is imperfectly pie- men). The food substances habitually taken pared for assimilation and enters the blood in into the body, so as to repair the waste of tissue improper condition: the blood suffers alteration; and provide for growth and development. The the urine is found to contain an increase of diet of different human races is quite different in urates and often also uric acid: the excretion of ch.aracter. The Eskimos, the Kirghiz, and cer- phosphates is increased, and that of chlorides is tain other tribes live exclusively on moat. On diminishe<l: while in the tissues imperfect the contrary, the Hindus and others subsist al- metamorphosis occurs, pathological materials be- most exclusively upon vegetables. But the most ing stored in them, together with waste products intellectual and successful of the human races awaiting elimination, and a granular disintegra- have lived on a mixed diet. In health, the diet tion. or parenchymatous degeneration, may fo!- should be composed of both easily digested food low. The importance of a properly moditieil diet and food dilTieult of digestion, to he varied ac- is obvious. In such cases milk forms the best cording to the amount of exercise taken, the cli- diet, to the exclusion of all other fooil, and about mate, and the occupation. In disease, special six ounces of milk should be given to the patient