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* DIDEROT. 226 DIDRON. so well ilid lie know the reckless hnstc of their t•om[H>^iti^ln. Vet they have been well edited by Assezat and Tourneiit (20 vols.. 1875-77). Di- derot's Corrcspuiidciicc with Mile. 'olland gives the best eliie to his antithetical character. The best study, in English, of his place, environment, and intlviencc is .lohn Jlorley, Uidcrot and the t'nciicloita-disis (London, 1S!)1). C'onsnlt also: Kosenkranz. Didcrol'x Lrbrii iiiid Wirkr (Leip- zig. ISiilil: Hninctifre. Ktudis rrilitjucs. second series (Paris, 1S81): Carlyle, Kisn;/ on Didinil ( Lonilon, 18S1 ) : and the monographs by Dami- ron (Paris, lS.r2) ; Scherer (ib., 1880) ;' Fagnet (ib.. 1800): Ducros ( ib., 1894); Reinach (ib., 1894) ; Pelissier (ib., 1899). DIDIER, d.'-dya'. Cii.rles (180o-04). A l-'rcm li writir. born in Geneva. After a visit to Italy he pnblishcd bis Home soiilrrniiiic (1833). a work of fiction which affords a brilliant picture of the revolt against Austria, and other matters of Italian history. lie wrote further some verso, and in prose ('(im/K/flHC roinaine (1842) and Cinquantc jours ati desert (1857). DIDLER, .JiLES ( 1831—). A French land- scape and animal painter, born in Paris. He was a pupil of Cognict and of Laurens, and ob- tained the Prix de Uonii' in 1S.">7 and medals at the Salons of IStit! and 1SG9. Ills work I'onsists of landscapes, animals, or scenes from peasant life, treated rather somhrelv. but with good ef- fect. His "Farm on the Ruins of Ostia" (18(fi) is in the Luxembourg. He is also known as a lith- rgraplior. DIDION, d.'-'dyo.x' IsinoRE (1798-1878). A French ~oldier and author, born at Thionville. He was educated at the Kcole Polytechnique and the Academy of Metz: in 1848 was appointed director of the percnssion-cnp manufactory of the French Army in Paris. In IS.'JS lie became a general of brigade. He wrote valualile works on the science of projectiles, including Tralte de. hdlistique (1848: 2d ed. 18(iO) : and Cours fUmentairc de hiilisfi,,,ie (lS.-)4: M ed. IS.'iOl. DID'IUS SAL'VIUS JULIA'NUS, M.mkts. . Lcnian ICiiiiuror for a liricf pciiod. -Marcli to .June. 193. He had commanded the army in Germany and held high military and civil posts in Italy and the provinces, and been named con- sul more than once. On the murder of Pertinax in 193. the pra'torian soldiers otTered to support as Emperor whoever wcnild give them the largest price. Didius giive them 2.5.000 sesterces each and gaine<l the throne, but was soon deposed by the Senate on the approach of Septimius Severus, and murdered by a soldier. DI'DO (Lat., from Gk. SiSii). or El-iss.v. Ac- cording to the legend, the founder of Carthage. Sbe was the daughter of a king of Tyre, called by some .Xgenor or Belus. by others Mutgo or Mat- ceniis. Ills successor. Pygmalion, the brother of Dido, murdered her husband (who was her un- cle), a priest of Hercules named .cerbas, called by Vergil. Sicha-us. With the treasures of Si- elia'Us. which Pygmalion had sought for in vain, and accompanied by many Tyrians, Dido escaped to sea. She landed in .Africa, not far from the Phienician colony of llica. and built a citadel called Byrsa (a Pha^nician wi^rd. confused with Gk. pi'paa. the hide of a bulll. on a piece of ground which she had bought from the N"unid- ian King. Iliarbas. The meaning of the word Byrsa gave rise to the legend that Dido purchased as nuich land as could be en- compassed with n bullock's hide. .fter the agreement she cut the hide into small thongs, and thus inclosed a large piece of terri- tory. Here slic built the city of Garthage. To avoid being compelled to marry Iliarbas, she stabbed herself on a funeral pile, which she had caused to be erected, and after her dcatli was hon<ued as a deity by her subjects. Vergil ascrilies the deatli of Dido to her unrccpiited pas- sion for .Eneas: but many of the ancient writers conceived that the poet had eonunitted an an- achronism in making her contemporary with the Trojan ]irincc. The more general opinion wa.s that Dido had built Carthage somewhere between fifty and one liundrcd years before the founda- tion of Rome. DIDON, de'doN', Ikax Henri (18401900). A French Dominican who in the latter luilf of his life stood in the front rank of French pulpit ora- tors. He was l)orn at Touvet. entered tlu* Order of Saint Dominic in 18(>2. and (hiring several years preac)ic'- luis DiDOT ( lt)89-17o7). Of his eleven children, i'RA.xrois .VMlutoiSE (1730-1804) and PiEKKE Fr.X(oi.S (1732-95) were distingnislied printers, and the hitter's eldest son, Henri ( I7t!5-I852), was a noted type-caster, engraver, and mechani- cian. A descendant of Pierre married Ber- nardin de Saint-Pierre, who wrote J'mil et 'ir- (liitie at a country house near the Didot paper manufactory at Essonne. Pierre Dioot (17t>0- 1853). the eldest son of Francois .ml)roise. pro- duced then unexcelled editimis of French and Latin classics: his brother. FlK.MlN ( 1 7(14-1 83(i), was greatest of Ihem all as printer, engraver, and typefounder. He invented the word 'stereo- type.' and used the process largely, revolutioniz- ing the liook trade by his ehea]) editions. Ilia iiiiUiufactorv was a pla<'e of pilgrimage for the printers of the world. He was also a respectable dramatic autlior and translator of the cla.ssics, and achieved reputation as a moderately liberal politician and <leputy. His sons and grandsons have continued the business with honor, luit with no increase of fame. DIDRON. d.'-'di ox'. AnoLiMiE XAfoLtoN ( 1806- ti7l. . French anJucologist. .eting on the advice of A'ictor Hugo, he turned his attention to Christian arelueology, examined nearly nil the old ihiircli edifices of France, and extended his knowledge by travels in (Jrcece. Germany, England, and Italy. In 1844 he estiiblished the Aiiiiiiles Areheolopifiues, which became the main source of information in France on mi'dlieval art anil antiquities, and was edited by him until hin death. He founded a special luiblishing house for arclia'ologieal works, in 1845. and established a manuractory of stained glass in 1849. and one for bronzes and goldsmitli's ware in medieval style in 1858. ,inong his works are: llistnir* di Itieu: ieononraphie drs jiersonnes divine* I 1843 1: Mnnuil d'iernioiiruphie chrt'tienne.