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* XJICKINSON COLLEGE. 217 DICOTYLEDONS. DICKINSON COLLEGE. An institution of higluT L'diu;iliiiii. ^ituatfd at Curlisk", Pa. It was loiuidi'd in 17!S3 and deiivod its name from John Dickinson, president of the Supreme Execu- tive Council of Pennsylvania, and one of the college's largest benefactors. For twenty-five years the institution prospered: but in 1815 the interference of the trustees in the matters of dis- cipline became so persistent that both president and instructors resigned. Repeated attempts to reopen the college met with small success, and it was not until 1S33, under an amended charter closely delimiting the jurisdiction of tlic trustees, that the college became firmly reestablislied. Be- fore that time it had been, though indenomina- tional. under Presbyterian inlluence: under the new arrangement it passed to the control of the ilethodist Episcopal Church. Dickinson com- prises the college proper, the law school, and a closely altlliated preparatory school. The law school, organized in 1834, but discontinued from 1882 to 1800, oilers the degree LL.B. The college confers the bachelor degree in arts, science, and philosophy. The buildings include: South Col- lege, East College, the Tome Scientific Building, the James W. Bosler itemorial Hall, and the Denny ilemorial Hall. The lilirary contains about 35.000 volumes. The student enrollment, including that of the preparatory school, approx- imates 500. The endowment funds amount to $400,000. and the value of the college buildings and grounds to .•t;440.000. DICK'S COFFEE-HOUSE. A London coflfee- house, originally called 'Richard's,' after Richard Tomer or Turner, who was its first proprietor (1680). The building still stands, on the south side of Fleet Street (Xo. 8). near the Temple. The poet Cowper, during his residence in the lat- ter place, is said to have been one of its habitues, DICK'SON, Sir .Tames Robert (1S321001). An Australian statesman. He was bom at Plym- outh. England, and was educated in Glasgow, Scotland, where he began his business career in a bank. He emigrated to Australia in 1854 and settled first in Victoria, whence he removed to Xew South Wales, and afterwards, in 1862, to Queensland. His political career began in 1S72, when he was elected to the Queensland House of Assembly. In 1876 he entered the Cabinet of Arthur ilacalester. as ^linister of Public Works. He held the position of Treasurer of the colony in various cabinets from 1876 to 1870. and 1883 fo 1887. From 1880 to 1892 he lived in Europe, returning in the latter year to conduct a cam- paign in favor of introdticing Polynesian labor in the Queensland sugar plantations. In 1807 he entered the Xclson Cabinet as Secretary for Rail- ways. In March. ISOS. he became Secretary for Home .Affairs, and in October following he suc- ceeded Thomas .T. Byrnes as Premier. In this position, in the face of a hostile majority in the Assembly, he threw himself into the fight for an -Australian Commonwealth, secured the pa.ssage of a measure providing for the submission of the luestion to the people, and after an active cam- pai^Ti obtained a good majority at the polls in favor of federation. He resigned the Premiership in November, 1800, and early in 1000 visited Lon- don as a delegate from Queensland to discuss the affairs of the proposed Commonwealth. On his return to .Australia he was selected Minister of Defense of the first Federal Cabinet, but dierises of Baron Nordenskjiild, He was born at Goteborg, of Scottish ancestry, and was long a niend)er of the firm of Dickson & Co. in Goteborg and Lon- don. He was a member of many learned societies both in London and abroad, and gave liberal pecuniary support to North Pole enterprises, par- ticularly those undertaken by Baron Norden- skjold after 1868. In recognition of his distin- guished public services, he was ennobled in 1880, the title of "Baron' being conferred on him in 1885, Dickson Harbor and various other points in the Arctic regions have been named in his honor. DICK'SON, Samlel Henry (1708-1872). An American physician. He was born in Charleston, S. C, graduated at Yale in 1814, and in 1819 received the degree of JI.D. at the University of Pennsylvania. He was appointed to the profes- sorship of the institutes and practice of medi- cine in the medical school of Charleston, S. C, in 1824, was professor of the practice of medicine in the University of New York from 1847 to 1850: in 1858 accepted the chair of the prac- tice of medicine at .Jefferson College in Philadel- phia, He published many volumes and papers on medical subjects, including studies in Path- ology and Therapeutics (1867), DICKSON, William Pvrdie, D.D. (1823—). A Church of Scotland theologian. He was born at Pettinain llanse, Lanarkshire, October 22, 1823: graduated at Saint Andrews; was, from 1863 to 1895, a divinity professor in Glasgow University, and is now [irofessor emeritus. Be- sides translating llommsen's History of Rome (4 vols., rev. ed. 1895) and Roman Provinces (1887), and ^lever's Commentary on the em Testament (10 vols., 1873-80). he delivered the Baird lectures of IHSS., 9aint Paul's Use of the Terms Flch and Spirit (1883). DICLINOUS PLANT (Gk. St-, d!-, double + Kkheiv, llincin. to incline). A plant which has stamens and pistils in separate flowers. If thi» two kinds of flowers are on the same individual, the plant is called 'monoecious' : if on different individuals, 'dia-cious.' See Pollination. DI'COT'jrLE'DONS (Neo-Lat.. from Gk. Si-, di-, double -f- Knrv'/./jSuv, kotyledon^ cup-shaped, hollow, from Ktiri'/.)/, kotyl-v, cavity), The larger and more important of the two groups of flowering plants, angiospcrms (q.v.). Its members repre- sent the culmination of the plant kingdom, and are the most ccmspicuous and the most modern of plants. More than 80.000 species have been described, and the actual number is probably over 100,000. The chief characters which dis- tinguish them from monocotyledons, the other group of angiospernis, are an embryo with la- teral cotyledons (usually two): the vascular bundles of the stem forming a hollow cylinder, which means an annual increase in the diameter of woody stems; an open system of venation, which means that the veinlets end freely in the tissues of the leaf or in the margins, often re- sulting in various forms of toothing, lobing, and branching; and flowers whose tendency is to dis-