Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/230

* DHUNCHEE. 192 DIABETES. is also gro«u in C'liiiia. It is .sown at tlic rate of 30 pounds of socd por arri'. The yield varies within wide limits, about 500 pounds of libre per acre beinu a fair avera^'e. DHYAL-BIRD, di'iil-berd', or DAYAL ( na- tive of E. Ind.). An t>riental warbler of the genus Copsychus, of which several species are MALACCA DHVAL-BIRD ( Coi).vi-h US III usicus), familiar visitors to jjardens and villages through- out southeastera Asia. The best known is Copsychus saiiluiis. common from Ceylon to China, and reminding British residents of their robin redbreast by its confiding and cheerful ways. It builds a rude nest in a hole in a tree, and during the breeding time is comically pug- nacious. It has a pleasing song, and all the s])pcies are kept as cage-birds, and are sus- ceptible of learning tricks. The dress of the male is black and white; that of the female brownish. DHYANI BUDDHA, d'hi-ii'n^ bT^d'dft (Skt., mcditationlUidiUia. frcim dlii/iini. devoted to meditation, from tlhiiuiia Pali jhuiia, meditation, from (lluiu. to meditate + biiddha. enlightened, p.p. of biidh. to awake). One of five Buddhas, named ^'airocana. Akshobhya. Katnasambhava, Amitabha or Amita i. and Anirigbasiddhi. with their female counterparts, called Taras or f5aktis. In some Buddhist texts their number is raised to six, ten, or even more. They are distinguished from the Adi Buddha (q.v.).or primeval Buddha, and all other incarnate Btiddlias. as well as from the potential future Buddhas or Bodbisattvas, by being eternal, non-corporate, and produced from meditation alone. In .rt the dhyani Buddhas are of the customary Buddha type, but arc dis- tinguished by varieties of ornamentation of their lotus-scats, and also by the positions of their hands, and sometimes by ilifTerent colors of paint. Their sanctuaries, wbicli have the shape of a pile of rice, are termed Caityas, instead of Yiharas and Stiiiin.s. DI'ABASE (from fik. <»/., rfi-, double + [iAaii:, hasis. base, a going, from fSnlvriv, hniiieiii, to go; inlliicnced in form by Ck. diApaai^, diabasis, pas- sage, from ('((i, din. through -|- fidaic, basis, a going, base). A crj'stallinc, igneous rock of which the essential lonstitueiit minerals are lime-soda feldsj>ar and pyro.xene (augite). The te.ture of diabase, while generally crystalline throughout, dill'ers from that of granite' iu that the augite incloses the feld-par. owing to the later period of augite crystallization. The feld- spar of diabase is usually in bladed crystals, which take all directions iu the augite and give llie rock a peculiar interlocking radial texture, which is especially noticeable in rocks of coarse grain. If the grains of augite be large in com- parison with the size of the feldsjjar blades, the eirect produced is a noteworthy mottling which is described as "lustre mottling.' The average chemical composition of diabase varies but little from that of gabbro (q.v.), the dilference of the two rocks being chiefly of strvictural nature. The closest allinitics exist l)Oth chemically, niineral- ogically, and tcxturally between diabases and basalts (q.v.) . and, indeed, most American pctrog- raphers recognize no important dilference be- tween them : the rocks of greater geologic age, which consequently show greater decomposition, being, however, more generally described under the term diabase and the more recent occur- rences as basalt. Olivine, if present in a diabase, makes the rock an olivine diabase. Diabase is quite subject to alteration, the augite being re- placed by hornblende and the olivine (if pres- ent ) by serjientinc. Both of the newly devel- oped minerals being green, the rock assumes by this alteration a greener color. Important occur- rences of diabase arc: those of the copper-bear- ing Keweenawan series of Lake Superior; the Palisades of the lower Hudson River, and the Hanging Hills of Meriden, Conn., of JuraTrias- sie Age; and those of the Deccan plateau of southern India. See Greenstone; B.salt; Trap. DIABETES, dl'ft-be'tez (XeoLat.. from Gk. cV«/S//7)/f, diabetes, siphon, from Sia.iaiveii; dia- biiiniiii, to stride, go through, from rfio, dia, through + jWiveiv, biiiiiciii, to go). A disease of which the principal symptom is an abimdant flow of saccharine urine. Diabetes is of two kinds: (I) Diobitrs insipidus is a mere symp- tom of a functional condition now generally termed poUjurin, or an increased flow of normal urine, excessive thirst accompanying it ; it is infrequent and not dangerous. ( 2 ) Diabetes mcllilus (hat. mil, honey) is a grave disease in which the liver does not perform its proper work in transforming starches and sugars during assimilation, and largi' (luaiitities of livi^r-sugar (resembling grape sugar) appear in the urine. Inosit (q.v.), or 'muscle-sugar,' also appears in sinne cases in the urine. The cause of the dis- ease is obsctire, the pathology is uncertain, and the treatment is unsatisfactory. Patients suf- fering from dialx-tes, besides urinating very fre- qui-ntly and in large quantities, experience dis- tressing thirst, with dryness of mouth and lips; loss of appetite, muscular weakness, emaci:ition, occasional ulcers, altered sight, and mental changes, generally consisting of eonfu-ion of ideas, indecision, and melancholia. In treating dialwtic patients, a diet is prescribed of gluten bread, skim milk, cheese, eggs, meats, fresh fish, green vegetables, tomatoes, and sour pickles. Sugars, starches, and indigestibles should l>c absolutely avoided. Bread made of gluten flonr is very unpalatable, and. practically, the strict diet is rarely observed by the patient. Several