Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/22

* DAY. 10 DAY. about four minutes more to move round so as day of the week, or ilonday, etc.; no remainder to overtake it. If this eastward motion of showing the seventh day of the week, or Satur- the sun were uniform, the leni;th of the sohir day. Kxaiiiplc: What is the day of the week day would be as simple and as easily determined for .January I, I'.lOl'; as that of the sidereal. 13ut the eclii)tic or sun's „ . ^, ., ., ., ,, , . 1 • 41 f . Constant for new st.vie 6 path crosses the earth s equator, and is thercfoie CoustonttoithemoutlnJan.) 1 more oblique to the direction of the earth's rota Century number (19) multiplied by 5 95 tion at one time than another: and besides, as Add (one-fourth of 19) i ., ., ■ ■» 1 -i •.! • 1 O'ld .vears 1 tile earth moves m its orbit with varying speed, Add one-fourth of l i> the rate of the sun's a])])arent motion in the Day of the month 1 ecliptic, which is caused bv that of the earth. ,„ ., "~ ', , ,,,, • ■ ii . ,.1 Total 1U8 must also vary. the consequence is that the length of the solar day is constantly tluctuating: Divide 108 by 7 and the remainder is 3; so the and, to get a li.ed measure of solar time, as- year 1901 must begin on the third day of the trononiers have to imagine a sun moving uni- week, or Tuesday. formly in the celestial equator, and completing For Old Style the constant is 4 and the number its circuit in the same time as the real sun. of the century is multiplied by 6, without addi- The time marked by this imaginary sun is called tion of the one-fourth. The constants for months mean solar time: when the imaginary sun is are the same as in New Style, and one-fourth on the meridian, it is mean jiooh/ when the real (omitting fractions) is added to the odd year. sun is on the meridian it is apparent noon. It is Example for Old Style: On what day of the "week obvi(ras that a sun-dial must show apparent time, did t'olumbus land on his voyage" of discovery while clocks and watches keep mean time. Only {October 12, 1492) ? in four davs of the vear do these two kinds ot solar time- coincide. "In the intervals the sun Sa^J};;? 8«J^^::::::::::::;::;::::::::::::::;:::::::::::::::::::: t IS always either too fast or too slow: and the Centuiy number (U) multiplied by 6.... 84 difference is called the equation of time (q.v.). Odd years (92) one-fourth added 115 because, when added to or subtracted from ap- I'a.v of the month ji parent time, it makes it equal to mean time. The Total 216 mean solar dav is divided into 24 hours, -^. ,, . , . . , the hours into minutes and seconds. A sidereal Divide by 7 and the remainder is b— i.e. the re- day, we have seen, is shorter : its e-xact length is q"!>"cd day is the sixth day of the week, or 23 hours, 50 minutes, 4 seconds of mean solar I'riday. or common time. Astronomers divide the side- For leai)-years, care must be taken m both real day also into 24 hours, which are of course Old and New Style to reduce the constants for shorter than common hours. In the course of a 'Tanuary and February by one for each of those civil year of 30.5 days, the earth turns on its axis two months. See Calendar. 306 times, or there are 360 sidereal days. As- DAY. In law, the period of time between trononiers reckon the solar day as beginning at midnight and midnight within which a specified noon, and count the hours from to 23. The legal act may l)e |)erformed. This entire period civil day begins at midnight, and the hours are of twenty-four hours is the 'natural' day. The counted in two divisions of t«-elve each. The 'artiflciai' or conventional day {rlirs arli/ieiaiis). eeclasiastical day was formerly reckoned from or the "legal" day, as it is sometimes called, sunset to sunset. See International D.te varies according to the nature of the act to be Line; Time, Stand.ard. performed. Coke, referring to the day of the To find the day of the week for any date, past appearance of parties in a suit, described it as or future, there are several methods, but the extending from sunrise to sunset. For many simplest and most easily understood is as fol- purposes the legal day is limited to the usual lows: First, there is a 'constant' for the style business liours (q.v.). as of a bank or other — for new style it is 0, for old style 4. (In Eng- business house, and its length is often deter- lish chronology, new style begins 1752, Septem- mined by the hours observed by the community, ber 15.) Then there is a 'constant' for each or artificially determined by the usage of a par- month — in new style, for January, 1 ; for Febru- ticular calling. Thus the day of the stock ex- ary, 4; for March, 4; for April, 0; for May, 2; change means the hours (say from 10 a.m. to 3 for June, 5; for July, 0; for August, 3: for p.m.) within which deliveries of stock and set- September, ; for October 1 ; for November, 4 ; tlements must be nnide, in order to avoid for- for December, 6. (In leap years the constants feiture or other penalty. For most purposes, for .January and February are one less: that is, however, the legal day is coextensive with the for January, 0: for Februarj", 3.) Now (for natural day. new style), multiply the number representing "Court days' are those days of the year in the century by 5, and add one-fourth to the which courts may lawfully sit and process issue, product (omitting fractions). For instance: though in some parts of the United States the In 1880 the century number is 18, which, niuiti- expression is used to describe the days on which plied by 5, makes 00, and one-fourth of 18 the courts actually sit. In England and the (omitting fractions) is 4: hence the product is United States, Sundays and certain holidays are 94. Next add the number of the odd years (be- generally not court days {dies non juridiri). sides the century number), and add one-fourth excepting for such acts as are necessary to the (omitting fractions) to their total. Next add preservation of the peace. By a legal fiction, n the days of the month. Then add all these figures day is for many purposes regarded as a point of together, and finally divide the sum by 7: the re- time, ;inil a fraction of a day disregarded. See mainder will show the day of the week, re- Dies Non : Time. Standard. miiindcr of 1 showing the first day of the week, Davs of Grace. The time at which a note is or Sundav: remainder of 2 showing the second actuallv due. or at maturiti/. is in general three