Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/200

* DESIRE. 162 DESMIDS. the tiling desired — e.g. a dinner or an ideal in moral eondiiet — is or is not realized. I'nder the tirst delinitiun, desire is akin to wi-liing: under the teeond, it is a particular kind ot conation (q.v.), an appetition. or an "endeavor toward.' It is probably better to restrict the term to its narrower nienning. and to retain the element of inhibition, the lack of means by which the de- sire-consciousness might be changed into the olition-consciousness. Thus eonsiilcred. a dis- section of desire reveals a strong alfective ele- ment, whidi 7nay consist in pleasantness or un- pleasantness. The thought of restriction is inherently unpleasant, but the un])Icasantness may be overcome by the agreeable thought of the object. Over and above the alTection and the ideas attended to, there is in desire a eomplcc of organic sensations, and, in case the desire is sutliciently powerful — as in longing or yearn- ing — a well-marked feeling of effort (q.v.). Con- sult: liain. Mtiiliil ami Moral ficiciirf (London, 1884): Wundt, Uiiiiian niid Animal Psychology (London, 180fi) ; Stout, Mainial of Psychology (London. 1800). See Emotion: Will. DESJARDINS, daV,har'di-|X'. Marti.n (1C40- 04). . French sculptor, whose real name was ^lartin van den Bogaert. He was born at Breda, in Holland, but went to Krance when very young, and studied in Paris with llouzeau. Van Obstal, and Buirelte. He was made an academician in 1071. then professor (1G7.^) and rector of the Royal Academy (1G8G). His works are in sev- eral of the Paris churches, and at Versailles. His masterpiece was the monument in honor of Louis XIV. in the Place de la Vicloire (ItlSG), but this was destroyed in 1702, and there are only fragments of it left in the Louvre and the Invalides. It represented the King on foot, crowned by Victory. There are colossal statues of Louis XIV. at Versailles and Lyons by Des- jardins. His work, although academic in finish, has a good ilc.ll of dramatic feeling. DESJARDINS, Albert ( 18.'i8-07). A French writer and politician, bom at Beauvais (Disc). He studied at the University of Paris, and in 1871 was elected Deputy f(ir Oise in the Na- tional Assenddy. From 187-'l to 187.) he was I'ndcr-Secretary in the Ministry of Public In- struction, and in 1875-70 held the same post in the Ministry of the Interior. In 1877 he was appointed to the chair of legislation and criminal procedure in the University of Paris. lie pub- lished several juristieally learned works, includ- ing: IjC pouKoir civil an concile de Trenle (18(iO): Traitc dii vol dans Ics priiicipalcs It^gislalions de VantiquiK el spMalemrnt dons Ir droit romain (1881); and Code penal russc ( 1SS4I. DESJARDINS, Ai.phoxse (1841—). A Canadian journalist and statesnian. He was born at Terrebonne, P. i).-. was educated at ^las- son College and Xieolet Seminary, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 18G2. For some years he practiced law. but in 18G8 abandoned it for journalism, and served on the editorial staff of l.'Ordrr, and as chief editor of l,r Xotircait lnndr. He took an active part in organizing the Canadian Pa[ial Zoiaves. sent to aid the Pope in 18(i8, and was one of the franiers of Ihi' Pro- gramme ('alholi<[i'r (1871). For his services to the lloman Catholic Church he was created a knight of the Order of Pius IX. in 1H72. In 1874 he entered the Dominion Parliament for llochelaga and conlinue<l to represt-nt that dis- trict until ISO.'. He has been .Mayor of .Montreal (lSO;ii. ainl has served also as .Minister of -Militia .ind of Public Works (ISUG). DES'MAN (.Sw. desman ritia, desman, from desman, musk + rilla, Ger. llatle, rat). A large, aquatic, shrew-like mole of the genus -Myogjile and family Talpidir, of which two spe- cies are known. They have completely webbed feet, the fore [lair not adapted to digging and the hind pair enlarged into paddles, and a long and llexible proboscis. The best-knuwn species is the Uussian desman {.Myoijalc inn.scliala), which inhabits the margins of streams and lakes throughout southeastern Russia. It is about IG inches long, including the tail, which is long and laterally compressed, forming a powerful swimming org-an, acting as a sculling-oar : and it is clothed in soft, mole-like fur, blackish above and whitish beneath, and salal)le to furriers, so that the animal is incessantly hunted by the peasants. . element of value in its fur is said to be the nuisky odor which clings to the fur, which is derived from a cluster of sel)aceMUs anal glands, and which renders the llesh uneatable, its home is an extensive burrow in the bank of a stream, opening underneath the water, in which the desman spends most of its time, and where it searches, by means of its long, llexible. and sensitive nose, for insects, leeches, small mollusks, and similar food in the mud and beneath the stones. The other species (Myotlnh I'l/n miica) inhabits the Pyrenees, is far smaller, and has a perfectly round tail, but its habits arc uuich the same. Fossils in European Tertiary rocks show- that the desman inhabited all of Kurope until the last Cliicial era. DESMARETS DE SAINT-SORLIN, dA'm.V- rA' df si'iN- sorli'i.N'. Jean ( I,>0r)-1G7G). . French dramatic and historical writer. .s a frequenter of the Hotel Kamliouillet he attracted the attention of Kichelieu. and through his in- lluence became one of the founders, and finally the first chancellor, of I be .cadcmie Francaise ( lG,'i4-;i8). Hicliclicu appointed him Counselor to the King and secretary -general of the Levant marine. In 1(145 IVsmarcts. while writing hii poem "Clovis, ou la France chn'tienne," became a devout Catholic. This led him to attack the Jansenists of Port Royal iu a violent manner, and the pen war lasted three years. He left a number of plays, poems, disi'ourses, and histories, all mediocre. The most interesting of his works is l)c la coniparaison de la langiir el de In pot'sie francaise avec In i/recr/ue rt la laline (170), which opened the long quarrel between the an ciciits and the moderns. DESMARRES, dA'miir'. Loiis .tciSTE (1810-S-_M. . French oculist, born at Evreiix, He lived in Paris after 1830, in which year he established the famous clinii/ue which he con- ducted for twenty-five years. He introiluccd the operation of iridectmny. or the cutting of the iris preparatory to forming a new pupil. He also invented an ophthalmoscope and contributed nu- merous artiides to the (lazellr drs lliipitaux. His principal publication is a Traite lhtori<iiie (I prnli'iiir des maladies des i/eiix (.Sd ed., 3 vols.. 1854 581. DES'MIDS (Xeo-Lat. Desmidiiim, from Ok. (!(<T//..r, ilisniot. Iiond, tie). A very large