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* DEPENDENT CHILDREN. 139 DE PEYSTER. home; that the «ork of ))lacing out children must be most carefully done to avoid putting children in bad homes: that it is sometimes hard to lind the proper place for a particular child. To-day institutions are placing out many chil- dren, while placing-out agencies are sending chil- dren to in.stitutions for temporary care. Both agree that the home is the nonnal place, and that the place of the institution is to give the neces- sary training to fit the child for home life. It has so far been possible to find free homes for most of the children placed out, and the board- ing-out system has been in use only in the East. The general interest in the subject has led to the active participation of the State. In New York, California, Pennsylvania, and, to a lesser degree, in other States, subsidies have been granted from public funds to private societies. The result has not been satisfactory. Large in- stitutions have been built up which tend to re- ceive children not really dependent for the sake of additional revenue. The result is plainly seen by comparing Xcw York with 1 dependent child to 200 of population: California, 1 to 225; Pennsvlvania, 1 to 600, with Ohio. 1 to 1000; Indiana. 1 to 1110; Michigan, 1 to 12,500. Ohio and Indiana have systems of county homes, the various counties individually or in combination maintaining institutions. They plan to place out the children as rapidly as possible. Michi- gan in 1874 opened what is known as the State Public School (q.v. ). All children becoming pub- lic charges are sent to this school and are placed out as soon as seems best. The result has been an actual decrease in the number of children de- pendent on the State. Tliis system has been adopted in Rhode Island, Wisconsin. Minnesota, and Colorado. In Massachusetts and Pennsyl- vania the boarding-out system has been largely developed. In the remaining Northern States this work is chiefly left to private initiation. The State homes for the orphans of soldiers and sailors, started soon after the Civil War, have been generally abandoned or turned into orphan asylums. There is now a strong movement to- ward State control and supervision of the work for dependent children. New .Jersey has organized a State Board of Children's Guardians. Indiana has appointed a State agent, and other States are considering similar proposals. Consult: Wines, Prisons and Vhild-fiuiinq Institutions (Cam- bridge. Mass., 1880) : Hill. Children of the State (London, 1880) : Folks, Cnre of Destitute, yeg- leclcd, and Delinquent Children (Albany, 1000) ; Henderson, Inlroduetion to Stud;/ of Dependents, Defectives, Delinquents (Boston. 189.3): Report of Committee on Ilistorii of Child-l?aving (Bos- ton. 1803). See ForxDUNG Hospitals: Pub- lic School. DEPENDENTS, DEFECTIVES, DELIN- QUENTS. Dependents arc those who must be supported by iither than their natural guardians or family. Defectives are those who arc not nor- mally developed — the blind, etc. Delinquents are those who commit acts forbidden by law. This classification is not entirely satisfactory, as the classes are not mutually exclusive, but it is in very general use, and the classes are easily recopniited by everybody. See Social Debtor Classes. DE PERE. dp pAr or dr pf-r. A city in Brown County, Wis., five miles southwest of Vol. VI— 10. Green Bay: on the Fox River, and on the Chi- cago and Northwestern and the Chicago, Mil- waukee and Saint Paul railroads (.Map: Wis- consin, F 4). Lake steamers ascend the river as far as Ue I'ere. The city has good water-power and is the seat of extensive manufactures of bricks, pottery, writing-paper, cigars, sash and doors, skill's, yachts, laiuiches, (lour, woolen goods, foundry products, dairy products, etc. There are also several limestone quarries. Cat- tle, grain, hay, and agricultural produce are among the exports. A steel bridge over the riviT ICOO feet long connects the east and west sides of the city. Population, in 1890, 3025; in 1900, 4038. DEPEW, CiiAU.N-CEY Mitchell (1834—). An American lav3er, railroad president, poli- tician, and orator. He was born in Peekskill, N. Y., graduated at Y'ale in 1850, was admitted to the bar two years later, and soon took an active part in politics. He was in the State Assembly in 1861 and 1862, and Secretary of State from 1S63 to 1865. In I860 he became attorney for the New Y'ork and Harlem Railroad, and held a similar position for it and the New- York Central after their consolidation in 1860. He was elected second vice-president in 1882, and was president from 1885 to 1898, when he resigned this position and the presidency of the West Shore Railroad, to become chairman of the entire Vanderbilt system. In 1899 he was elected United States Senator from New Y'ork. In politics Mr. Depew"s position has been unique, since, before accepting his election as Senator in 1809, he had declined all prefer- ments, among them Senatorships in 1881 and 18S5, and tlie State portfolio in President Har- rison's Cabinet in 1802. As an orator his pres- ence is in demand at every important celebration. He delivered addresses at the Washington Cen- tennial in New York, in 1880. and the dedica- tion of the World's Cohimbian Exposition, at Chicago, in 1803 ; and orations at the memorial services of Piesident Garfield and General Sher- man. He became a regent of the University of tlie State of New York in 1874. He has published: Orotions and After-dinner Speeches (1890) ; and Later Speeches (1894). DE PEYSTER, de pis'ter. Abraham (1658- 1728). An American merchant and colonial official, born in New Amsterdam (New York). He was mayor of New Y'ork from I69I to 1695, and afterwards became Chief Justice of the prov- ince, and president of the King's Council, in which capacity he acted as Governor in 1701. Ho served also as colonel of the militia of the city and covinty of New Y'ork, and for many years as treasurer of the provinces of New York and New .Jersey. DE PEYSTER, Arext S< niYLER 1736-1832). An American soldier. l)oru in New York City, and prominent as a Royalist at the time of the Revolution. From 1775 to 1783 he was in command, at different times, of Detroit, Jlacki- nac, and several posts in Upper Canada, and exerted himself to the utmost to turn the West- ern tribes of Indians against the United States. Some time after the close of the war he re- moved to Dumfries, Scotland, where he became a friend of Robert Burns. DE PEYSTER, .Tohamxes (100085). One of the earlv settlers of New York, and the founder