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* DAVIS. lege of Xew Jersey and at the Universities of Bonn and Leipzig, afterwards beioniing professor of Oriental and Old Testament literature at Princeton Theological Seminary. In addition to fretpient eoiitriljutions to theological magazines, he lias published A Dictionary of the liibh- (18!tS), and a work entitled Genesis and Semitic Tradition (1804). DAVIS, Sir .loH.x Fr..'CIS (17951890). An English diplomat and Sinologist, born in London. He was a son of Samuel Davis, director of the East India Company, from 1810 to 1819. He accompanied Lord Amherst to Pekin in 181(>, and rose rapidly in the service of the East India Company, in the employ of which he had been since his boyhood. After serving for two years as the chief representative of the company at Canton, he was appointed joint commissioner in China with Lord Napier in 1834, and in 1844 became British plenipotentiary in China. In his capacity as governor of the British colony at Hong Kong, he contributed greatly to the de- velopment of British trade at that" centre. It was under his administration that the Bogue forts were reduced, and the annoyances to which British residents had been subjected at the hands of the mandarins were ended. Although he may in some respects be said to have laid the basis of British power at Hong Kong, the treaty whereby the city was to be opened to foreigners, which Davis had arranged with the Chinese Goveniment, was disapjjroved by England, and, mortitied at this lack of recognition, he resigned his position in 1848. Of his works relating to China and Chinese life, the following are espe- cially noteworthy: Chinese Novels Translated from the Ori(jinnls (1822); Uien Wun Hhoo, Chinese Moral Maxims, with a Free and Verbal Translation (1823); The Fortunate U>iion (translated from the Chinese, 1829) ; The Chi- n-ese. A General Description of China and Its In- habitants (2 vols., 1830) ; and Chinese Miscel- lanies (18ti5). DAVIS, Matthew L. (1700-1850). An .merican author, born in New York. He Tvas long the Washington correspondent of the A'eio York Courier and fJnquircr. over the pen-name "The Spy in Washington." In 1797 he con- ducted a shortlived literary enterprise at New York, known as the Timepiece and Literart) Com- panion. As the friend of Aaron Burr during a period of forty years, he published the Memoirs and Miscellaneous Correspondence of that ' statesman (2 voLs., 183(1) : and also edited The Private Journal of Aaron Burr During Bis Resi- dence in Europe (1838). DAVIS, K.TH.N (1812-82). An English traveler and archaeologist. He edited the Hebrew Christian Magazine in 1852, subse- quently was a Nonconformist clergyman, and in 1856-58 conducted at Utica and Carthage excavations for the British Museum. He pub- lished Tunis (1841); .rabic Reading Lessons (with B. Davidson. 1854) ; Errnings in My Tint (2 vols., 18.54): Carthage and Her Re- viains (1801); Ruined Cities ivilhin Nutnidian a:id Carthaginian Territories (1802) ; and other vorks. DAVIS, Natiiapt Smiti; (1817—). .An American physician. He was bom at Greene, N. Y., and was educated in Cazenovia Seminary and in (he College of Physicians and Surgeons of 4 DAVIS, the western district of New York, whence he grad- uated in 1837. He was the projector and founder in 1845 of the American Medical Association, of which he has filled every office. He practiced at Binghaniton, N. Y., 18'37-47; New York City. 1847-49, during which lime he was editor of the Annalist ; professor of physiology- and ])athology. Rush Jledical College, Chicago, 1849-59, and professor of practice of medicine, 1850 59. He organized the .orthu-estern Medical Journal in 1855, and was its editor till 1875; organized the Medical Examiner in 1800, and edited it till 1873. He was professor of principles and prac- tice of medicine, Chicago Jledical College, from 1859 to 1880, when he became emeritus professor. He organized the Journal of the American Medi- cal Association in 1883, and edited it till 1889. He was a founder of the Northwestern Llniver- sity, of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, the Chicago Historical Society, the Illinois State Alicroscopical Society, the Union College of Law (in which he was for many years professor of medical jurisprudence), and the Vashington Home for Inebria'tes, He published, among other books, .1 Text-book on Agricultural Chemistrg (1848); History of Medical Education and In- stitutions in the United folates (1851); Effects of Alcoholic Drinks (1854); History of the American Medical Association (1855); Clinical Lectures ( 1884) : and Progress of Medical Educa- tion in the United States (1870), DAVIS, No.iH (1818-1902). . . .erican ju- rist. He was born in Haverhill, N. H., removed to Albion. N. Y.. with his parents in 1825, was admitted to the New Y'ork bar in 1841, and prac- ticed in Buffalo and other western cities in that State. He served for three terms as a justice of the New Y'ork Supreme Court, was a meni- I>er of Congress in 1809-70, and in 1872 again became a justice of the State Supreme Court, The famous trials of Edward Stokes and W. M. Tweed were held before him. and he sen- tenced Tweed to twelve yeai-s' imprisoiunent — a cumulative sentence, which was later dis- allowed by the Court of Aj)peals. He was Chief Justice from 1874 until 1887, when he resigned. DAVIS, P>EnEccA Harding (1831—). An American novelist and miscellaneous writer, born at Washington, Pa. She was married to L. Clarke Davis, a Philadelphia journalist, in 1803. Of her numerous novels, the more noteworthy are Dallas Galbraith (ISOS) and .4 Law Unto Herself (1878). Among many short stories, her first. Life in the Iron Mills (1801), once at- tra<;ted much attention as a realistic picture of artisan life. DAVIS, Kicii.RD Harding (1804—). An .Vmerican journalist and novelist. He was born in Philadelphia, Pa,, a son of Kebecca Harding Davis, and was educated at the Lehigh and .Tohns Hopkins universities. lie began his writing as a reporter in Philadelphia. In 1888 he came to New York and gained distinction for noteworthy stories, first printed in the New York Ercning Sun. For a short time he was managing editor of Harper's Wecklii (1890). His first publica- tions were: Gallegher and Other Stories (1891) ; Stories for Hoys (1891) ; and Van Bibber and Others (1892)'. These were followed by The West from a Car Window (1892) ; Our Fnali'th Cousins (1894): About Paris (1895); The Rul- ers of the Mediterranean (1894); The Exiles