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* DENHAM. 123 DENIS. sion of Coopir's Hill, which is the earliest of Knglish descriptive poems, and became Pope's model for ^yilHlsor Forest. According to John- son, he should be credited with first making the heroic coi|>let terse and epigrammatic. In 1005 appeared a corrected edition of Denham's poem, containing the famous address to the river Thames: "O could I How like thee," etc. Den- ham was engageil in secret service for Charles I., but being discovered, he was obliged to escajie to France in U!4S, returning thence to England in 1052. After the Kestoration he was appointed surveyor-general of his ilajesty's buildings, and created Knight of the Bath. The latter part of his life was darkened by madness, but re- covering for a short time, he commemorated the death of Cowley in one of his happiest poems. ITe was buried in Westmin-iter Abbey. Consult: Cliahners, English Poets (London, 1810) ; Ward, English Poets (London, 1880-83). There is no critical edition. DENHARDT, d:-in'hart, CLEitEXS (1852—) and his brother GusTAV (185G — ). Two dis- tinguished German explorers, born in Zeitz. In association with the physician G. A. Fischer, ihcj- undertook in 1878 a tour through the Tana River region. East Africa, which they endeavored to secure to German commerce. Six years later they entered upon a second expedition, extending from the island Lamu to Vitu (JIareh, 1885), where the .Sultan of the Swahili requested the establishment of a friendly treaty with Germany based upon proposals made by him eighteen years previously. Part of the territory acquired by Clemens Denhardt was afterwards transferred bv him to the Cierman colonial society known as the Deutsche Witugesellschaff. In 1890 all rights to this territory were ceded by Germany to England in exchange for Helgoland, the Ger- man Government compensating the brothers with an indemnity of 150,000 marks. An important work by Clemens Denhardt was published in 1883 in the ililteihingen des Vereins fiir Erdkunde at Leipzig under the title, Anleitung zu geograph- ischen Arheiten hei Forschungsreiseji. DENIA, da'ne-a (Lat. Dianium, from a tem- ple of Diana situated there). A seaport town of eastern Spain, situated on the eastern coast of the Province of Alicante (Map: Spain, F 3). It has a small harbor and a lighthouse, and is the seat of an important trade in raisins and salt. In its vicinity are found some Roman antiquities. Population, in 1897, 11,438. DENIFLE, da-ne'fle, FRiEDRicn Heixrich Srso ( 1844 — ). An Austrian theologian, born at Imst, Tyrol. He studied at Bri.xen, and in 1861 entered the Order of the Dominicans at Gratz. Having received holy orders in 1866, he com- pleted his studies in Rome and after his return to Gratz taught theology in the Dominican mon- astery and also acquired high repute as a pulpit orator. Summoned to Rome in 1880 as repre- sentative of his Order for Germany, he was ap- pointed archivist in the Vatican in 1883, and intrusted with a new edition of the works of Thomas Aquinas. He is an authority on the mystic literature of the Middle Ages. Among his principal writings are: Die katholische Kirehe und das Ziel der Menschheit (Gratz, 1872) ; Das geistlirhe I.ehen. Eine Blumentese <iiis den deiitsrhen }fiistil:ern des /'/. Jnh'rhxin- derts (ib., 1873; 4th ed. 1895); Die Sehriften des seligcn II. Seuse (Munich and -Vugsburg, Vol. VI.— 9. 1870-80) ; Das Biich ton der geistlichen /lrm«t (Munich, 1877) ; Die Universitdten des Mittel- alters his l.'iOO (Berlin, 1885); Die piipstlichcn Rcgislerbiinde des IS. Juhrhundcrts, etc, (ib,, 1880) ; Les universites fran^aises au moijen age (Freiburg, 1892). He is associated with Franz Elirle in editing the Archiv fiir Litteratur und Kirchengeschichte des ilittelalters. DENINA, da-ne'na, GiACOMo Maria Carlo ( 17.')1-1S13 ), An Italian historian, born at Revello, Piedmont. He received his education at Saluzzo, and in the Royal College of Turin, and having taken holy orders, was enii)loyed in 1754- 58 in teaching in the .schools at Pinerolo, Cuorgnfe, and Barge, In 1758 he was appointed professor of belles-lettres at the Superior College in Turin, and in 1770 professor of rhetoric and afterwards of Greek at the university. As he had incurred the enmity of the Jesuits by the liberal views expressed in his writings, he was subjected to a good deal of persecution on their part, and read- ily accepted an invitation extended to him by Frederick the Great in 1782 to come to Berlin, where he was elected a memlier of the Academy. Presented, in 1804, at Metz, to Napoleon, • to whom he had dedicated his linguistic work. La elcf des langues, he was appointed by him Im- perial librarian, and thenceforth lived in Paris. His literary reputation rests chiefly on the his- tory, Delle rivoluzioni d'ltalia (1709-72). Con- siderable interest was aroused by his Discorso sopra le vicende della lettenitura (1700), in which were reviewed the literary vicissitudes of all nations from their origin to modern times, and which was translated into all the principal languages of Europe. Among his other numerous historical writings may be mentioned: Istoria politica e letteraria delta Grecia (1781-82); La Prusse littvraire sous Frediric II. (1790-91); Rivoluzioni delta Germania (1804) : Istoria dell' Italia oecidcntale (1809). He also wrote La Russiade, an epic in prose, in glorification of Peter the Great. DENI'O, Hiram (1799-1871). An American jurist, bom at Rome, N. Y. Several years after his admission to the bar he removed to Utica, where he became distinguished as a lawyer. He was three times elected judge of the Court of Ap- peals and retired from that olfice in 1866. He was one of the most distinguished jurists of his day, and his decisions are often cited. His works include: Reports of Cases Argued and Deter- mined in the Supreme Court and in the Court for the Correction of Error (5 vols., 1845-48) ; and an edition of the Revised Statutes of Sew York, in collaboration with William Tracy (2 vols.. 18.52). DEN'IS, Fr. pron. de-ne', or DioNYSlus, Saint, The apostle of France and first Bishop of P:iris, who, according to tradition, suffered martyrdom in the third century. He was sent, it is said, from Rome about A.u, 250 to jireach the gospel to the Gauls. After various detentions at Aries and other places, he arrived in Paris, where he made numerous proselytes. Sisinnius Fescen- nius, who was then the Roman governor of this part of Gaul, ordered Denis to be brought before iiim, along with two other Christians, Rusticus, a priest, and F^leutherius, a deacon. .As they continued firm in their faith in spite of threats, he caused them to be cruelly tortured, and after- wards beheaded, A.n. 272, or, as others s.ay, 290. Gregory of Tours, Fort una tus, and the Latin