Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/138

* DEMISE. 108 DEMOCLES. the govcriiiiicnt, is comparatively modern, the effect of the death of the sovereign in Kngland having formerly lieen to paralyze for the time heing many of "the fumtions of government, in- cluding the administration of justice. The King's Peace had to be j)roclainied anew by each sovc- leign at his accession, and the administration of govcnimcnt newly constituted. All these in- conveniences have licen remedied by a scries of statutes ciucted since the accession of William and Mary, and the principle of the inuncdialc demise of the crown, as above described, lirmly established. Sec Anson, l.atr mid Ciisluiii uf the Coniitiliilion (O.vford. 18S(i, 1S!I2). DEMI-SEMI-QUAVER. Half of a semi- quaver, or the thirty-second part of a whole note. See ^lusic.M. Xot.tiox. DEMIUKGE (Lat. demiiirgus, from Gk. S■r|^uol.'p■)6$. ilriinoiirijos, handicraftsman, from S-^tuos, dCmios, of the people -|- Ipyetv, cri/citi, to work). The luime given in the cosmogony of the Gnostics to the creator or former of the world of sense. He was variously conceived. In gen- eral, he was the archon or chief of the lowest order of the spirits or eons of the pleronia : mingling with chaos, he formed in it a corporeal animated world. Me created man, but could im- part to him only his own weak principle, the fist/che or sensuous soul: therefore the highest, the really good God. added the divine rational soul, or pvcnma. But the ])ower of evil in the material body, and the hostile influence of the merely sensuou.s demiurge, prevented the devel- opment of that higher element. The demiurge, holding himself to be the highest God, could not bring his creatures to the knowledge of the true Godhead : as the .lehovah of the .lews he gave them the imperfect law of Moses, which promised merely a sensuous happiness, and even that not attainable: and against the spirits of the /i.i/'e. or world of matter, he sent only a ])sychical, and therefore powerless, Messiah, the man .Tesus. See Gnosticism. DEMMIN, deni'm^n (forn)erly Di/miii, Don- »i.i/)i. D(uiimi/». Timiii. from OChurch Slav. dymii, smoke, Lat. ftimux. Skt. (Iln'ima. vapor). A tom (if l)ic Prussian Province of Pomerania, situated on the navigable Pcene, 3.1 miles west- northwest of Stettin (Map: Prussia. E 2). Be- sides the town proper, Demniin comprises three suburbs. There are manufactures of machinery, woolens, hats, sugar, and leather. It has also distilleries and breweries, and a <'onsideral>Ie trade in lumber and grain. Population, in 1800. 10,852: in lono, 12.085. Demmin, which had its origin in a Slavic settlement, was known as early as the ninth centiry as a place of some commercial importance. In 1164 it was taken by Henry the T.ion, and in 12.18 it became a member of the Hanseatic League. By the Peace of Westphalia it passed to Sweden, and in 1720 it liiiiic iiitii the possession of Prussia. DEMMIN, August (1817-08). A German- French art critic, born in Berlin. Ho went to Paris at the age of seventeen to comi>Iefe his edu- cation, anil made his home there until 1872; luit traveled extensively throughout Kumpe and in Asia, in pursuit of his studies, especially in the fields of icramics and the science of arms. In 1873 he settled in Wiesbaden. The most important of his workt is Enri/cloiUdir hislorif/uc, nroh/- olotiiffiir, lie, drft hrtiiix-arts lihif^tif/ura (1872- 80; 5 vols., with (iOOO illustrations). He luib- lished further: iluidc dc raiiiulciir dc faiciins <7 pumlaiius (1873) ; tluidc dis amuliurs d'tinius vt armurcs anciciiiics (IStiO); Kvrinniksliidicn (1881-83); ^tiidirii iibcr die slotflivhbildenden Kiinsic i/iirf hunslhundnrrke (188703). He was a contributor to the llisloiie des inintnn de loules les ecoles, edited by Charles Blanc, and also wrote a nimber of comedies, dranuis, and novels. DEMMLER, ilOm'ler. GKonu Adolf ( 1804- SG). A (icrman arcliitect and politician. He was born at (Jiistrow, Mecklenburg, studied at the inlvcrsi(y and at tlu' .cadcmy of Arts in Berlin, aiul in 1824 entered the liovernment ser- vice of his native State. Appointed fourl archi- tect in 1837, he designed the plans for and partly erected a luimber of prominent structures in Schwerin, such as the Grand Ducal Palace, the Court Theatre, and the Arsenal. Much interest- ed in the welfare of the workmen, he introduced a .system of paying their wages by which they were made to share directly in the profits of their labor, to the exclusion of the contractors. His political attitude during the period of lS4S-.>0 led to his dismissal from the Government service in 1851. whereupon he traveled for several years in Europe, and, after his return to Schwerin in 1857, devoted himself more especially to the l)ractical solution of social problems. He was one of the founders of the National Association (Xationalverein). in 1850, of the League for the Promotion of Peace and Liberty, and in 18(>S joined the so-called German People's Party at Stuttgart. He was elected to the Reichstag in 1877, hut after its dissolution in 1878 did not seek reelection. DEM OCE'DES (Gk. A'/iiOK^Sr/s, DimohOdea). One of the most famous of the early Greek physicians. He was born at Crotona. in lower Italy, about the middle of the si,th century n.c. After living at .Kgina. .Athens, and Samos. he was taken iirisoner by the Persians and carried to the Persian Court, where he rendered impor- tant medical assistance to Darius I. Though honored by the Persians, he was desirous of re- turning to his native city; and, through the favor of Queen Atossa, he secured his appoint- ment to a secret mission which was sent to Greece. Escaping on this expedition, he returned to Crotona. DEMOCHARES, dA-mok'a-rez (Lat., from Gk. Ariijx>xapi)^>. All Allicnian orator, a nephew of Dc mostlicncs. lie liegnn his jMihlic career as leader of the anti-Macedonian ))arty (n.c. 332). and. after the restoration of the democracy in .thens (n.c. 307). became head of the patriotic party. He was exiled abotit li.c. 205. but returned in 287 or 280, after which he acted as Jlinister of Fi- nance. He died after n.c. 280. Demnehares left orations and an elaborate history of his time, only fragments of which remain. Consult Droy- sen, Zeilxrhrift fiir die Allcrtumswisscnsrhdll (G lessen. 183(1). DEM'OCLES (T^it., from Gk. Ai,iioKrjt, Driiiol.h's) . . .ttic orator of the school of Theoplirastus. a contem])orar>' and opponent of DemoKlbrnes. He is known best as the defender of the children of Lyeurirus against the calum- nies of AfrPToeles and Menesa-ehmus, Though none of his w<irks is extant, lie nriibablv left