Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/13



AVIOUD, cla've'Tx)'. (1823-81). A French architect. He was born in Paris, and studied at the Scliool of Fine Arts, where he carried olV a number of prizes. He acquired great reputation, as inspector of gardens and public squares, by the important part he took in the embellishment of Paris (1859-62). He orna- mented the Bois de Boulogne, the Clianijis Ely- sees, and most of the public sqtiares. and was also engaged on various private edifices. His principal work was the Palace of the Trocadero. erected in conjunction with Bourdais for the world's exposition in 1878.  DA'VIS,  (IS2(J — ). An American lecturer and writer on spiritualism, born in Orange County. N. Y. His first book. The Principles of Xature, he dictated in 184.5 after a trance of sixteen hours, during which time he claimed to have received his inspiration from communion with inhabitants of the spirit world. Some of his other works are: Tlit- Pene- tralia (1856): The ilayic •^taff. an autobiog- raphy (1857): Arubiila. or the Divine (iiiest (1867); Mental Diseases and Disorders of the Brain (1871): and Autobiofiraphi/ (1885). Most of his books aie plentifully supplied with allu- sions to personal experiences with spirit rcAcla- tion. which must necessarily be received without verification. DAVIS,  (1807-77). An American naval officer, born in Boston. He en- tered the navy in 1823 as midshipman, and was stationed on difi'erent vessels and on the coast survey until 1861. when, with the rank of cap- tain, he was a member of the board which ex- amined the defenses of Southern ports. In the expedition against Port Eoyal, S. C. (q.v.). he was fleet-captain and chief of staff. He became flag-officer of the Mississippi flotilla early in 1862, and on ilay 10 engaged a Confederate fleet of eight ironclads (fotir of them rams) off Fort Pillow { q.v. ). Later ( June 5 ) he defeated tlic fleet decisively in an engagement near Memphis, captured or destroyed all but one of the ves- sels, and received also the surrender of Memphis. He then joined Farragut in the operations at Vicksburg. Davis attained the rank of rear- admiral in 186.3. and spent most of his remain- ing service as superintendent of the Naval Ob- servatory at Washington, and commander of the Norfolk Navy Yard. He wrote Geological Action of the Tidal and Other Currents of the Ocean-, and other works of a similar nature, and was superintendent of the American Xautical Al- manac in 1849-56 and 1859-01. DAVIS, (1857—). An American painter, born at Almesbury. JIass. He studied irith Grondman in Boston, and after- wards under Boulanger and Lef6bvre in Paris, where his "Valley at Evening" attracted con- siderable attention at the Exposition of 1878. He lived many years in France, and on his re- turn took up his residence at ilystic. Conn. He obtained the Palmer prize for landscape at the Chicago Exposition of 1890. and the .$2000 prize given by the American Art Association in 1887. Other notable works by him are: "The Brook." in the Philadelphia Academy: "Late Afternoon," at the I'nion League Club, in New York City; and "Evening." at the Metropolitan Museum, in New York City. His works are characterized by fidelity to Nature and a most poetical inter- pretation of her moods at his favorite hours of twilight and morning. DAVIS, (18.38-1900). An American statesman. He was born in Henderson, N. Y.: graduated at the University of Michigan in 1857. studied law, and during the Civil War served in the Federal Army. In 1867 he was a member of the ilinnesota Legislature, and from 1868 to 1873 was United States district attorney. In 1874 he was elected Governor of his state, and afterwards retired from political life until 1887, when he was elected to the United States Senate. He succeeded John Sherman as chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, and. upon the conclusion of the Spanish-American War, was appointed one of the I'nited States peace commissioners. His influence was important in securing the consent of the Senate to the Treaty of Paris. He published The Lan: in Shakespeare (new ed., 1900). DA'VIS, (1815-86). An American jurist, born in Cecil County. Md. He graduated at Kenyon College. Ohio, in 1832. and was admitted to the Illinois bar. He was afterwards a member of the State Legislature and of the State Constitutional Convention of 1847. was a judge of the State Circuit Court from 1848 to