Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/119

DELAWARE.  fall and furnishes extensive power at Trenton, where it crosses the Fall Line (10 to 15 feet fall), at Lambertville (Welles's Falls, 14 feet), at Belvidere (Foul Rift, 23 feet), and at Port Jervis (30 feet). Its chief tributaries are the (q.v.) and the (q.v.), both from the west. It is navigable for large ships to Philadelphia and for steamboats to the head of tidewater at Trenton. It is seldom that navigation is closed by ice below Philadelphia. A canal parallels the left bank of the river from Easton, Pa., to Morrisville (opposite Trenton), and then cuts across a bend to Bristol. A canal also connects Trenton with New Brunswick (on the Raritan River), and another crosses New Jersey from near Phillipsburg to Jersey City on the Hudson River. A fourth canal parallels the Lehigh River and connects Mauch Chunk with Easton, while a fifth parallels the Lackawaxen River from Honesdale, Pa., to Lackawaxen on the Delaware, and parallels the Delaware to Port Jervis.  DELAWARE. A city and the county-seat of Delaware County, Ohio, 24 miles north of Columbus, on the Whetstone (Olentangy) River, and on the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and Saint Louis, the Columbus, Sandusky and Hocking, and the Columbus, Hocking Valley and Toledo railroads (Map:, E 5). It is the seat of the Ohio Wesleyan University (Methodist-Episcopal), opened in 1844, and has a public and other libraries. There are mineral springs noted for medicinal properties. The city carries on a considerable trade, and has foundries, railroad repair shops, clay-works, and manufactures of chairs, carriages, building material, gloves, flour, woolens, lumber, etc. Delaware, incorporated in 1827, is governed by a mayor, elected every two years, and a municipal council. Population, in 1890, 8224; in 1900, 7940.  DELAWARE (from the Delaware River). One of the most important tribes of Algonquian stock, originally occupying what is now New Jersey and the Delaware River basin, eastern Pennsylvania, and southeastern New York. They call themselves Lenape, ‘true men,’ and claimed and were accorded precedence over nearly all the other tribes of Algonquian kinship. They had a number of subtribes in three principal divisions, of which the (q.v.) or Wolf tribe differed considerably from the others. They were friendly with the Dutch and Swedish colonists, and in 1682 made the celebrated treaty with William Penn, which was faithfully kept on both sides for over half a century. German Moravian missionaries, among whom were the devoted Zinzendorf, Zeisberger, and Heckewelder, labored among them with great success. Through the aggression of the later settlers, backed by the powerful Iroquois, they were finally compelled to retire to the Susquehanna and upper Ohio region, in consequence of which they became embittered against the English colonists and threw their whole strength with the French side in the French and Indian War of 1754-63. In the Revolution they joined with the British against the Americans, and, with other tribes of the Ohio Valley, continued the struggle until crushed by Wayne and compelled to accept the treaty of Greenville, by which, in 1795, the allied tribes ceded nearly all their ancient claims in what is now Pennsylvania and Ohio. During this struggle occurred the massacre of the peaceful Christian Delawares at Gnadenhuetten, Ohio, in consequence of which the remaining converts fled to Canada. By successive removals the larger portion of the tribe drifted from Indiana to Missouri and Kansas, a considerable band settling by Spanish permission in eastern Texas. The main body removed in 1867 from Kansas to the Indian Territory and became incorporated with the Cherokee Nation. The whole tribe, including the Munsee, numbers now about 1750, distributed as follows: Incorporated in Cherokee Nation, 780; on (late) Wichita reservation, Oklahoma, 95; Munsee, with Chippewa, in Kansas, 55(?); Munsee, with Stockbridge, at Green Bay, Wis., 210(?); ‘Moravians of the Thames,’ Ontario, 355; ‘Munsees of the Thames,’ Ontario, 120; Delaware, with Six Nations, on Grand River reserve, Ontario, 135.  DELAWARE BAY. A bay on the Atlantic Coast of the United States, between the States of Delaware and New Jersey (Map:, B 5). It receives the Delaware River, whose estuary gradually emerges into the bay. It is about 40 miles long to where it contracts to a width of 4 miles. Its greatest width is 25 miles, and the width at the entrance, between Cape May, in New Jersey, and Cape Henlopen, in Delaware, is about 15 miles. The depth of the channel varies from 30 to 60 feet, but much of the bay has less than 30 feet of water. A breakwater at Cape Henlopen, constructed by the United States Government, forms a large and safe harbor from 24 to 35 feet deep. Government lighthouses are maintained at the entrance to the bay and also at a number of places within the bay, not only to mark points on the shore, but also shoal places in the channel. A large tonnage of coast and foreign shipping passes through the bay to and from Wilmington, Chester, and Philadelphia.  DELAWARE COLLEGE. An educational institution founded at Newark, Del., in 1833. In 1859 the college was closed and was not reopened until 1870, when it was made a beneficiary of the Congressional act of 1862 granting public lands to the several States for the purpose of establishing colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts. Under a further Congressional act, known as the ‘Hatch Bill,’ an agricultural experiment station was established at the college in 1887; and under an act of 1890 the college receives annually some $20,000 additional. The college confers degrees in arts, science, and the technical sciences. In 1902 the college property amounted to $250,000, and the total annual income to $45,000. At the same time the library contained 13,000 volumes.  DELAWARE WATER GAP. A low gap and narrow gorge in the Kittatinny Range of the Appalachian Mountains on the borders of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, near Stroudsburg, Pa. (Map:, F 3). The Delaware River flows through the gap. The steep mountain sides rise to a height of 1400 feet above the water, forming very picturesque scenery, which makes the region a popular summer resort. It is reached by rail from Philadelphia (108 miles), and New York (88 miles).  DE LA WARR, or DELAWARE,, Lord (1577-1618). A Colonial Governor of Virginia. He succeeded his father as Baron De la Warr, and became a member of Queen 