Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/107

* DELACROIX. 81 DEXAGOA BAY. and would liave been in uncomfortable circum- stances bad be not riHjeivcd frequent commissions from the Government, after the Kevolutiou of 1830. He was selected to execute mural paint- ins^ in a number of public buildinjjs, and distin- guished himself as much in this task as he had previously done in liis canvases. A mcralier of the Academy in ISO", he e.xbibited his last pic- ture in 1859, and died in Paris on August 13, 1803. llis life was solitary, and nearly all spent in his studio. He .sullered much from ill health, which only urged liim to greater exertions. He was of a refined and sensitive disposition, and was deeply wounded by the bitter controversies which his pictures provoked. Delacroix was one of the greatest painters of the nineteenth century, and one of the greatest colorists of all times. His work has often been compared with that of Rubens, who exercised great influence upon him. His coloring is bright, but simple, the primary colors being chiefly used, and he is fond of obtaining color effects by plac- ing complementary colors together. He has been criticised as being deficient in drawing, but un- justly so; for his surviving drawings reveal an excellent draughtsman, and when he sacrificed the distinctness of outline to color, he did it knowingly, as the greatest colorists have done before him. His art is impetuous and intensely dramatic, and he delights in passion and in mo- tion. His activity extended over an immense variety of subjects; he painted everything — saints, warriors, lovers, animals, flowers, the ocean — and all equally well. He ransacked his- tory and literature for subjects, but always ren- dered them as a painter in his own great lan- guage of color. In his long career he produced something like two thousand paintings. Among his chief his- torical works, besides those mentioned above, are: "Hellas llourning Over the Ruins of llis- solonghi;" "Milton and His Daughters:" the "Death of the Bishop of Li&ge," after Scott's Qiwntin Durimrd: and the "Entry of the Cru- saders Into Constantinople." Among his Orien- tal subjects are: "Algerian Women" (Louvre) ; the "Convulsionaries of Tangier;" and the ".Jew- ish Wedding in Jlorocco." He also represented classical subjects, but in a personal and modem way. Prominent examples are the "Justice of Trajan" (Louvre), and the "Medea." His biblical subjects are also conceived in a thor- oughly modern way as expressions of dramatic and passionate movement, and his decorative paintings are the boldest and mo.st original of his day. In 183.5 he decorated the interior of the Chamber of Deputies in the Palais Bourbon. On the ceiling of the Callcry of Apollo in the Louvre, he painted a magnificent "Triumph of Apollo." but the god is a Titan rather than an Olympian. He decorated the library of the Lux- embourg with subjects from the Divina Corn- media, and in the last years of his life he was engaged in p;iinting in the Church of Saint Sul- pice in Paris. Besides his many paintings he found time to illustrate Scott's novels. Ooetbc's Faust, and Shakespeare's Hamlet, and to write able articles on artistic subjects. Consult: .Muther. Historr/ of Modern Painting (London, 180(5) : Stranahan. Hintory of French Pninlinrj (New York, 1890) : Moreau, Eugene Delaeroix et son rrnvre (Paris. 1803) ; Robaut and Chesneaii, L'eenvre complet d'Eugene Dela- croix (Paris, 1885) ; Dargenty, Eugene Delacroix par lui metiic (Paris. 1885). His letters were published by Burty (Paris, 1880), and his jour- nal by Flat (Paris, 1893). DEL'AFIELD, Francis (1841—). An Ameri- ciui |ihsiriaii. liorn in Xcw York City. He grad- uated at Yale (1801) and the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons. New York (1803). and after further study abroad practiced medicine in New York. He was appointed to the staff of Belle- vue Hospital, and to the chair of pathology and the practice of medicine in the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons. In 1880 he was elected the first president of the Association of American Physicians and Pathologists. He has published a flandbook of Pathological Anatomy, and other works. DELAFIELD, Richard (1798-1873). An eiiiincnt American military engineer. He was born in New York City; graduated at West Point, at the head of his class, in 1818: was as- signed to the engineer corps, and served suc- cessively as assistant engineer for the construc- tion of the defenses of Hampton Roads, as engineer in chai'ge of the improvement of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and as superintend- ing engineer of the division of the Cumberland Road (q.v.) east of the Ohio. From 1838 to 1845, and again from 1856 to 1861, he was super- intendent of the United States Military Academy at U'est Point. He was superintending engineer of the defenses of New York Harbor from 1840 to 1855 (building Fort 'adsworth on Staten Isl- and ), and of the improvement of the Hudson River from 1852 to 1855, and acted also as chief engineer of the Department of Texas in 1853 and 1854. In 1855-56 he was president of the commission of three sent by the United States t3overnncnt to observe the military operations of the Crimean War, and prepared ihe commission's elaborate report, which was published b.v the Government under the title Report on the Art of War in Europe, in ISS'i. 1S.J5, and 1S5G (1860). During the Civil War he acted from 1801 to 1863 on the staff of Gov- ernor Morgan of New Y'ork, organizing and equip- ping the forces from that State; was superin- tending engineer of the defenses about New York City from 1801 to 1804. became a colonel in 1803. and a brigadier-general in 1804; and from April. 1804, to August. 1806. when he retired from the service, was chief of engineers of the United States Army, with headqiarters at Washington. In March, 1865, he was brevctted major-general for "faithful, meritorious, and distinguished ser- vices in the engineer department during the Rebellion." After his retirement he sen-ed as a member of the commission for the improvement of Boston Harbor. DEL'AGO'A BAY (Port., bay of Mater). An inlet of the Iiidi:iu cean. on the southeast coast of Africa, in latitude 26° S., in the Portuguese Colony of l.ourenco Marques (Map: Orange River Colony. .14). It has a length of about 70 miles and a breadth of from 15 to 35 miles. Its lower portion is protected by the Inyack Peninsula and island, and forms there a safe and ample anchorage. Delagoa Bay receives the waters of several rivers — the Maputu, the Umbe- losi, the Crocodile, the I^mfusi. The coasts are low and covered with manLTOve forests. The commercial importance of Delagoa Bay is very