Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 06.djvu/100

* SEGILEE. 76 DEHORNING. for bachelor, muster, ami iloctor, lined with silk of the oflieial eolurs of the instilutioii f-raiiliiig the ile{;ree. ami triiimieil with velvet of the eolor that represents the department of learning; in whieli it is eoiilerred. The following are the colors used for this purpose: Arts and letters, white: theology, scarlet: laws, purple: philoso- phy, bUie; seienee, gold yellow; line arts, hrown; uiedieine, green; music, pink; phannacy, olive; dpntistry. lilac; forestry, russet; veterinary sci- ence, gray : and libraiy science, lemon. In con- nection with this system, it is customary for those who hold degrees from German universities to line their hoods with the colors of the univer- sity granting them, upci which is laid a Ger- man trichevron of black, white, and red. DEGREE OF LATITUDE. A space along the meridian l<|.v. 1. through which an observer must pass to alter his latitude by one degree — i.e. in order to see a stur in the meriilian one degree nearer to or farther from the zenith. (See L.vTiTi DE.) The length of a degree nuist be calcidated from data found by actual measure- ments on the earth's surface: and owing to the earth l>eing an oblate spheroid, and not a sphere, it varies with the place of observation, the degrees being longer toward the poles, where the earth is Hatter, and shorter at the equator, where the earth is more curved. It the earth were a sphere, a degree would have a constant length. As it is, a degree at the equator con- tains 302,750.5 feet, while at the latitude 40° it is increased 'to 304,283.7 feet. Krom a variety of observations conducted at various times and places, from as far back as the time of Eratos- thenes .( about B.c, 225), tables have been con- structed showing the length of degrees at differ- ent latitudes. The length of "the middle de- gree,' as it is called, or that of places in latitude 45°, is 304,000,0 feet. The ascertained difference between degrees of latitude is one of the proofs of the earth's spheroidicity. See Geodesy. DEGREE OF LONGITUDE. The space between two longitude meridians that make an angle of 1' at the poles, measured on the arc of a circle parallel to the equator passing be- tween them. It is clear that this space is great- est at the equator, ami becomes zero at the poles; and it can be shown that it varies with the cosine of the latitude, if the earth be regarded as a sphere. The annexed table shows the lengths of a degree of longitude for every tenth degree of latitude from 0° to 70°, and takes account of the earth's divergence from a spherical form. Latitude Lenfrth n( decree ill fi-i-t Latitude Lenprth nt rtpgree III («-t 0° 10° 20° 80° 3fi,5.22(1.6 IMiO.-lO.T 343.;)38.S 310,505,3 40O 60° 60° 70° 280,173.5 235,2323 is:i,07n.s 125,21»0.4 DEGREES, Lambeth, By act of Parliament in the twenty-fifth year of Henry VIII,, sundry powers formerly belonging to the Pope were con- ferreii upon the .rchbishop of Canterbury, among whieli was the rit;ht of granting all the de[.'rei's t.nken in the universities of Oxford and Cambriilge. and to this day he occasionally iirants them, honorin riiixii. They are known ;is Lam- beth degrees, from Lambeth Palace, London, his otliciiil rrsidenr*'. DE HAAS, dr hiis, Maiiuce Freueuick Henduick (18;t2-!)5), A Dutch marine ]>uinter. He was born in Itotterdam : first studied at the Academy there, and in 1851 went to London, where for a year he devoted himself to painting in water colors. After a sketching tour on the English and Duti'h coasts, he Ivecame a pupil of Louis -Meyer at The Hague, In 185!) he emi- grated to Xew York, where he soon gained a high re])utation. He was one of the original mend)ers of the American Society of Painters in Water Colors, in 1800. and in 1807 became an academician. His best-known American picture is "Farragut Passing the Forts," Some of his other i)ictures are: "Storm Oil' the Isle of .Jer- sey;" "Alter the Wreck;" "White Island Light- house:" and "The Rapids Above Niagara. " His brother, WiLMAM FniCDf.mcK (1830-80), settled in New York in 1854, and also distinguished himself as a marine painter. He painted: "Sun- rise on the Susi|iielianna :" "Fishing- Hoats oft .Mount Desert:" "Kvening at Halifax;" and "Narragansett Pier," DEHN, d:"in, SlEC.FltlEl) Wil.iiEi.M (1799- 18,")Sl. .V (Jerman musical theorist, born nt Altona. He became favorably known through his editions of the works of Orlando Lasso (.S'croi I'ciiitciilial I'talms, 1838) and other early com- posers. He was custodian of the nnisieal de- partment of the Royal Library. Uerlin, after 1842, and in 1840 was appointed professor. Among his numcrotis distinguished pupils in musical theory were Kiel. Glinka. Rubinstein, and Theodor Kulhik. His principal publica- tion is the Tlteorctische-praklixchc Uannonie- Uhrc (2d ed, 18,-)8), DEHODENCQ, dft'A'diiNk', Edme Alfred AI-EXKs (1S22S2). A French genre portrait and historical |iainter. born in Paris. He studied at the Kcole des ISeauxArls. under Ia'-ou Co- gniet. His reputation rests principally upon his Sjianish and Oriental ))ictiires, and he is one of the most original of the group of French paint- ers who treat such subjects. His pictures are notable for ethnographical accuracy, vivacity, and Ldowing color. In this genre are: "A Bull Fight in Spain" (1S.">0): ". .Tewish FMe at Tangiers" ( 1805) : and ". Story-Teller of Moroc- co" (1878). After his return to France he painted his "October Morning," in the Luxem- bourg (1872) — an attempt to treat a Parisian sienc with the brush of an Orientalist. He also I'Vciiitcd a nuTnber of portraits. DEHORNING (a word of hybrid fornnition, from Lat, dr. away from + Engl. Iinni ) . The practice of dehorning cattle has been in vogue in Europe and the I'nited States for many years. I'rom time to time there has been much contro- vr'rsv as to the advisjibility and alleged cruelty of the operation. Dehorning is quite generally advocated by all who have tried it. S|iecial de- homing shears or clippers have been devised which enable the operator to remove the horns quickly and with a minimum amount of pain. The animals recover from the operation in a few days, without serious loss of fiesh or de- crease in milk i)rpduc(ion. Dehorned animals are much less liable to injure one another, espe- cially in transportation. Cattle with quarrel- some or vicious disposition are rendered docile