Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/927

* D'AUBIGNE. 803 DAUDET. also contains Sa vie et ses enfiints, the best biography; consult, also Ri-aunie, Elude his- lorique et litteraire sur A. d'Aiibigne (Paris, 1883). DAUBIGNY, d6'b6'ny$', Charles Francois (1817-78). A French lanilseape painter, born in Paris on February 15, 1817. His father was a teacher of ilrawing and a painter who occasion- ally exhibited at the Salon. Charles Francois was brought up by an old nurse at Valmandois, near He-Adam, ^^•heTe he remained until ais tenth year. In this, his childhood home, to which ho frequently returned, and where he finally settled, he imbibed his gi'eat love for nature. On his return to Paris he helped support the family by painting articles like fans, snuff-boxes, and even business signs. In his seventeenth year he went to Italy with a friend and fellow artist, traveling on foot. He remained there for a year, but was not much influenced by his sojourn. In 1840 he entered the studio of Delaroche, with a view to competing for the Prix de Eome, but liaving been disqualified, he was thrown upon his own resources. He turned to nature, and was thenceforth a landscape painter. A'ith the exception of the years 1842-40, he exhibited every year in the Salon. He received a second- class medal in 1848, a first-class in 1852, and in 1857 he was made Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. Gratified- with his success in painting river scenery, he built a house at Auvers on the Oise, near his childhood home. He constructed a curious boat, the liotin, at the same time a house and a studio, in which, accompanied b.v his son Karl, he navigated at will, sketching river scenery. In 1876 he visited Normandy, bringing back with him many sketches of the sea and the shores of the channel. During the latter part of his life he suffered much from rhemnatism con- tracted on his river trips. He died in Paris on February 20, 1878. Daubigny was the youngest of the five great landscape painters of the Barbizon School. The rest were perhaps greater discoverers than he. They painted nature with figures as a subor- dinate incident of the scene, and only adding to the artistic sentiment they wished to express. Daubigny painted the country, that is to say, nature as affected by man, although men do not usually appear in his scenes. There are cer- tain kinds' of landscapes which he may be said to have discovered, and which are indissolubly linked with his name. He is the great painter of river scenery of central France, on the Seine, the Slarne, and the Oise; of orchards, full of white blossoms or laden with ripe fruit, and of the fields ; of the sea and of the shores of the Chan- nel. His favorite light was at dusk, in the cool of the evening, or the pale light of the moon. A delicate shade of vaporous air pervades his paint- ings; his values are just, and the colors are properly juxtaposed. His paintings do not al- ways present distinctness of outline, for drawing was not his strong point, but the handling is massive and powerful. Tn his early period he paid more attention to detail, but he increasingly adopted greater breadth of treatment, and his last works may almost be called impressionist. Among his" chief works arc the "Valley of Optevoz." which took the gold medal in 1853. In the Louvre are his "Springtime." in which one can fairly smell the apple-blossoms and see the green grass grow, the "Lock of the Optevoz," and the "intage." Other important works are the "Beach at illerville" (18.")!)); ".Ioonrisc" (18U1) ; "The Shcepfold" (18(>l>) ; and the "Ap- ple Orchard" (187(1). an autmiuial scene in wliieh the prevailing tone is a dark, rich green, with apples ripe for the pickers. The chief public galleries of America are well supplied with his works, as are also some of the private collections. Daubigny unfortiuiately sold to art dealers a large number of works which ai'e little more than sketches. These are frequently met with in picture collections, but no adequate con- ception of his work can be formed from them. Be- sides being a great ])ainler. Daubigny was an etcher of repute, espc'ciallj' in the period after his return from Italy. Consult: Stranahan. History of French Art (New York, 1900) ; Hustin, "Daubigny," in Lrs Artistes celchres; Tryon, "Daubigny." in Van Dyke's Modern French Masters (New York, 189G) ; Henriet, Daubigny et son aeuvre (Paris, 1878). DAUBIGmr, K.KL Pierre (1840-8(!). A French landscape painter, Ijorn in Paris, son and pupil of Charles Francois Daultigny. His pic- tures, the subjects of which were mostly chosen from the valleys of the Seine and Oi-c. and the coasts of Brittany and Normandy, bear the im- press of his own strong individuality. .Xmong them may be mentioned: "Return from Fishing at Trouville," "The Thames Near Chelsea," "Road from Paris to Fontainebleau," "The Farm of Saint Simeon Near Honfleur," and "iloonrise at Sunset" (1860), his last, and also one of his best, eflfortS. DAUBKEE, do'bra', GABRrEL Ai crsTE (1814- ',16 ). A Frencli geologist and mineralogist. He- was born at Jletz, and was educated at tlic Kcole Polytechnique in Paris. In 18-38 he was made professor at Strassburg, and in 1801 became a member of the Academy of Sciences in Paris. In Paris he also held a professorship at the JIuseum of Natural History and at the School of ilines, of which latter he became director in 1872. Be- sides a very large niunber of original papers, Daubrce's published works include: Etudes syn- thetiques de geologic cxpcrinientnlc (1879) ; Les meteorites et la constitution du glolie terrestre (1886); Les eaux soutcrraincs (3 vols.. 1877). His original researches resulted in valuable eon- tviliutions to our knowledge of the mode of formation of various mineral substances and of crystalline rocks. DAU'CUS. See Carrot. DATJDET, do'da'. At.pfioxse (1840-97). The most graceful of modern French humorists, the most sympathetic satirist and the most charm- ing, if not the deftest, story-teller of his genera- tion in France. He was a initive of Provence, and inherited its warm imagination. He has given us one of the classics of child autobiog- raphy in his Le petit chose. His father, a well-to-do nutnufacturer. suffered a reverse of fortune, and young Daudet. wlio was already nursing literary dreams, was obliged to accept a post as usher, ill-f«d and ill-paid, in a school at Alais. After a year of this mental slavery, he escaped in desperation and joined his equally penniless brother Ernest (q.v.) in Paris (No- vember, 1857). He tried to eke oit a liveli- hood by journalism, contributing prose and verse to the Fi(iiiro of sound mornle and polished workmanship. "His literarj- conscience," says