Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/869

* DAMEROW. 753 DAMIEN DE VEUSTEB. Ing which he held olUce in the llinistry of Pub- lic Instruction, he siVcnt at Halle as director of a sanitarium for mental and nervous diseases. He is reniemljered for the important improve- ments that he introduced in the treatment of insanity and the management of asyliuns. His puljlished works include the following: Ueber die relatiie ^cl^hill(^^lll(| dcr Irrcithiil- und P/lc- (icunstultcii, (1840); Sefcloge, cine Wahnsinns- sludie (1853); Ziir Krctineii- und Idioleiifrage (1858). He was also one of the founders of the AUgeuteine Zeitschrift fiir Psychiutrie. DAMES, da'mes, Wilhelm Baenim (1843- 98 ) . A German paleontologist, born in Stolpe. He studied at the universities of Breslau and Berlin, and became in 1878 professor of paleon- tology in Berlin and ctistodian of the depart- ment of paleontology' at the museum there. Several of Dames's puldications, especially those on fossil vertebrates, have been of the greatest importiince, nearly all of them having appeared in PaUionfologische Abhftndliingcn, issued in Ber- lin from 1883 to ISSC, at which date the place of publication was transferred to .Jena. Special features of his work are his descriptions of the echinoderms of the Jurassic and Tertiary; a memoir on the Jurassic bird Archivopterj'x ; various publications on the ganoids of the Jleso- zoic, together with other shorter memoirs on the philogenetic relations of both the invertebrate and vertebrate fossils of Germany. Consult Freeh, "Xekrolog an W. B. Dames," in the PaUioiitolof/ischr Ahhundlungen (Jena, 1900). DAJCE SCHOOLS. See Common Schools. DAME'S VIOLET, Hcsperis. A genus of plants of the natural order Cruciferie, which has four-sided or two-edged pods, and contains about twenty species, annual and biennial her- baceous plants, natives chiefly of the middle and south of Europe. The common dame's violet, or white rocket (Hesperis ■niatronalis), cultivated in America to some extent, is found in Great Britain in hilly pastures, but has perhaps escaped from cultivation. It has an erect branched stem, with ovate-lanceolate leaves, and terminated by numerous large lilac flowers, which are scentless by day but very fragrant at night, on which account it is often cultivated in flower-pots by ladies, from which custom the plant appears to have derived its common name. The night-scented rocket (Hesperis tristis) is a favorite flower in Germany, numerous double, hardy, attractive forms of which are well known.' DAMGHAN, dam-giin'. A town of Persia, on the southeni slope of the Elburz Mountains, 45 miles south of Astrabad. It is on the high road from Khorasan to Teheran, at an altitude of 3770 feet. It was a large city, containing 15,000 houses, in the reign of Shah Abbas, and has a rtiined mosque and other remains of that period. It has a large export trade in nuts, especially of 'khaghazi' or thin-shelled almonds. The exten- sive ruins of Hecatompylos lie to the southwest. Poptilation, estimated from 5000 to 10,000. DA'MIAN. (1) The love-sick and not too scrupulous youth in Chaucer's Mercluint's Tale, who sedvices the wife of old January. (2) A youthful would-be Templar in Scott's Ivanhoe. DA'MIA'NA. See Aphrodisiacs. DAMIANI, da'rae-il'ne, Pietro (1006-73). A saint and doctor (1828) of the Catholic Church. He was born in Kavonna in lOOG OT 1007, and had a .sad boyhood through m'glect and cruelty. Feeling the call to the monastic life, he resigned a promising career as teacher and became a hermit at I'onte Avellana, near Perugia, in 1035, became prior in 1043, and did much to keep the monks up to their duties and to cure the abuses which had crept in. He also threw himself energetically into reform outsi<le his monastery. He aimed at ridding tlu' Church of the giant evils of conculiinage and simony. To these ends he employed his ])romotion in 1057 to be Cardinal Bisliop of Ostia, and his fricndsliii) with successive popes. He also en- deavored to effect reforms through the German emperors. His efforts were, however, not always successful, as he could not secure the requisite backing; but he prepared the way f<u- the great- er reformer, Gregory ^"111. He died at Faenza, Februarj- 23, 1072. His works are printed in Migne, Pat. Lat., cxliv., cxlv. His Liber Gonwrrhiaiivs gives a frightful picture of the corruiitions of the time. For his biography, con- sult J. Kleinermann (Steyl, 1882), 'Capecelatro (Florence, 1802). DA'MIANISTS, or Axgelists. A sect of the sixth century, followers of Damianus, a !Monophysite patriarch of Alexandria, who taught that there was only a suigle substance in the Godhead. DA'MIA'NXJS (Lat., from Gk. Aa^'a^is) . A celebrated sophist and rhetorician of Ephesus, who lived about a.d. 200. He taught rhetoric at Ephesus, and followed the methods of Adri- anus and .Elius Aristides, of whom he had been a pupil. Philostratus, who was his contemporary, gives an account of his life in his Lires of the Sophists (Hht So<^((TTuv, Bioi Sophiston) , but it is not known whether he left any writings. DAMIEN DE VEUSTER, da'myaN' de ve'- stfir', Joseph (1840-8;)). A Belgian priest of the Roman Catholic Church, better known as Father Damien, and distinguished as a mission- ary to the leper settlement on the island of Molokai, Hawaii. He was born at Louvain, studied theology at the university there, entered the Society of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and JIary in 1803, was appointed to the mission to the Hawaiian Islands, and until 1873 performed the customary duties of a m.issionary priest. In that year he Mas sent, at his own request, to the Molokai settlement established by the Hawaiian Government in 1865 for the enforced segregation of lepers and their maintenance at public expense in the villages of Kalaupapa and Kalawao. At his arrival in the isl.and pliysical conditions among the lepers were thoroughly wretched. He found the water-supply unfit, tbr food bad, the people ill-washed, ill-clothed, and ill-housed. Forthwith he labored to obtain good water, wholesome food, suitable dwellings, medi- cal assistance, and hospital accommodations. He organized religious worship, established schools, erected a general shop for lejier trade, lent his own skilled hand to the building of the church at Kalaupapa. and even personally dug the graves of many of the himdreds of parishioners whom he buried. In the prosecu- tion of his work he gradually gathered about him priests, lay brethren, and nuns as associ- ates. In 1884 lie perceived in the insensibility of his skin the sign of the approach of the disease.