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* DALTON. 748 DALY. the University of Edinburgh. His chief physical researches were those on the constitution of mixed gases, on the force of steam, on the elasticity of vapors, and on the expansion of gases by heat. In chemistry he distinguished himself by his progressive development of the atomic theory (see Chemistry), as also by his researches on the absorption of gases by water, on carbonic acid, carburetted hydrogen, etc. His papers are mostly contained in the Memoirs of the Lit- erary and Philosojihical, Hociety of Manchester, the Philosophical Transactions, Nicholson's Philosophical Journal, and Thomson's Annals of Philosophy. Besides these, we have his Meteoro- logical Essays and Obserrutions (London, 1793; 2d ed. 1834). Profound, patient, and intuitive, Dalton had precisely the faculties requisite for a great scientific discoverer. His atomic theory has revolutionized the science of chemistry and has yielded a greater number of valuable results than, perhaps, any other idea ever introduced into physical science. In his habits, Dalton was simple; in his manners, grave and reserved, but kindly, and distinguished by his trutlifulness and integrity of character. Consult Eoscoe and Harden, J. .Yeif Vieiv of the Origin of Dalton's Atomic Theory (Xew York. 1896). DALTON, John Call (1825-89). An Ameri- can physiologist and physician. He was born in Chelmsford, ilass.. and graduated at Harvard in 1844, and at the Harvai'd Medical School in 1847. He was professor of physiology succes- sively in the University of Buffalo, in the Ver- mont !Medical College, and in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and in 1883 succeeded Dr. Alonzo Clark as president of the last. Dur- ing the Civil War he rendered important ser- vices as surgeon in the Federal Army. He con- tributed many articles on medical subjects to scientific journals, and, in addition, published a valuable Treatise on Human Physiology (New York, 1859) ; .1 Treatise on Human Physiology for Schools, Families, and Colleges (1868) ; The Experimental Method of .Medicine (1882) ; Doc- trine of the Circulation (1884) : and Topographi- cal .iiiatomy of the Brain (1885). D' ALTON, .JoHAKX Sahvel Eduard. See Aliox. DALTON-IN-FUKNESS, d.al'ton-in-fur'nes. A market-town in Lancashire, England, on the peninsula of Furness, about 4 miles northeast of Barrow-in-Furness (Map: England, C 2). A canal about three miles long connects it with the Irish Sea. It has extensive iron-works. Population, in 1890, 13,300; in 1901, 13,030. DALTON'S LAW. See Gases, Gekebal Properties of. , DALY, da'le', Cesar Denis (1811-94). A French architect and writer on architecture, born at Verdun, Meuse. His principal work as an architect is the restoration of the Cathedral of Saint Cecilia at Albi, for which designs were shown at the Exposition in 1855. But the work upon which his reputation rests is the monument- al journal, ffcoue gencrale de I'architecture et des travaux publics (1840-90). The forty-five vol- umes contain a theoretical and practical library of architecture. Among his other publications are: Les motifs historiqucs d' architecture et de sculpture d'orncment (1874); L'Architecture fun&raire (1873); L'Architecture privee an XlXeme siecle (Paris, 1870-77); Motifs divers de serrurerie (Paris, 1881-82); Des hautes (•ludes d'architecture (1889). DA'LY, Charles Patrick (1816-99). An American jurist, born in Xew York City. He was admitted to the bar in 1837, and was Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas in New Y'ork for twenty-seven years, until retired by the age limit in 1808. From its organization in 1804 until his death, Judge Dalj' was presi- dent of the American Geographical and Statis- tical Society. Besides his Historical Sketch of the Judicial Tribunals of Xew York (1855), and many legal papers of importance, he wrote: When Was the Drama Introduced into Americaf (1864); First Settlement of Jews in North America (1875) ; What We Knoio of Maps and Map-Making Before Mercator (1879); and His- tory of Physical Geography. DALY, John Augustin (1838-99). An- American jilaywright and theatrical manager. He was born at Plymouth, X. C, and educated at Norfolk, Va., and in the jjublic schools of New Y'ork City. He was dramatic critic for the Sunday Courier in 1859, and held similar posi- tions on the Express, Citizen, Sun, and Times for some years. Meanwhile he was producing adap- tations of several plays, and in 1867 his first original success, Vnder the Gaslight, was brought out at the Xew Y'ork Theatre. In 1869 he opened ill Twenty-Fourth Street the playhouse Icnown as the Fifth Avenue Tlieatre, which with such 'stars' as Fanny Davenport, Jlrs. Scott Siddons, E. 1j. Davenport, and (I'lara Morris, quickly be- came very popular. After the destruction of this theatre by fire and an interval of a few months in another, he opened, in 1874, Daly's Fifth Avenue Tlieatre. whicl he managed till 1877. In 1879 he returned, after a year of study in Europe, and oj^ened the house since known as Daly's Theatre on Broadway, near Thirtieth Street, which he controlled until the time of his sudden death in Paris. Mr. Daly had in his company at various times many of the best- known players in America. For years Miss Ada Rehan was his leading actress. .Several times he went with his whole company to California, to England, and to Germany and France. In 1893 he leased a theatre in London. He wrote many adaptations from German and French plays, one of his earliest efforts being from Mosenthal's Deborah, in 1862. In the long list of works which he wrote or adapted are: Divorce, Pique, Vnder the Gaslight, The Railroad of Love, Seven-Twentij-Eight, The Great Unknouvi, Love on Crutches', and The Last Word (189). Mr. Dal}' was especially noted for excellence in scenic presentation, and' his Shakespearean revivals have received warm praise both in this country and in England. In 1894 he was presented with the Lietare Medal of the University of Notre Dame, Ind. He was a great book-lover, and made a remarkable collection of plates on biblical subjects, Thackeray, etc., which was sold at auction in the settlement of his estate. Be- sides his plays and dramatic adaptations, he was the authoV of Woffington : A Tribute to the Actress and the Woman (1888), and various minor articles. DALY, .Joseph Francis (1840—). An Ameri- can jurist, born at Plymouth. X. C. He studied law in Xew Y'ork Citv in 1855-62. was admitted to the bar in 1865, and from 1870 to 1890 wa&