Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/847

* DAGGEB. 733 DAGON. except by some of the native or tribal troops of the British and Russian empires. Tlie dirk, practically a dagger, is still carried by the Highlanders of the British Army, but only as an ornamental part of their national dress. The American bowie-knife (q.v.) is in effect a dagger. DAGGER-MOTH. A moth of the noctuid genus Acronyeta, so named because of dagger- shaped marks on the wings. DAGGEBWING. One of the small, slen- dcrtailed Xorth American butterflies of the nymphalid genus Timetes. DAGHESTAN, dii'ge-stiin' (Pers., place of mountains, from Turk, dagh, tagh, mountain + Pers. stall, OPers. stiina, place, from stO, Skt. sthu, to stand). A province of Transcaucasia, Russia, bounded by the Caucasian Province of Terek on the north, the Caspian Sea on the east, Baku on the south, and the Caucasus mountain chain on the west {Map: Russia, G 6). Area, 11,332 square miles. A large portion of the territory belongs to the region of the Caucasus ^Mountains. The coast land is mostly level. Numerous short mountain streams cross Daghe- stan and fall into the Caspian Sea. There are a number of hot springs. The climate is moderate. In the lower portions of the terri- tory some grain and fruit are raised. The mountains are well wooded. Sulphur is practi- cally the only mineral worked. Cattle-raising receives mucli attention. The commerce is in- .significant, and the transport<ation facilities inadequate. The population, in 1897, was 586,636, consisting mostly of Lesghians, Avars, and other Caucasian tribes. Tlie Turkish Tatar element is, however, not unimportant. The Russians number about 10,000. and the Jews are about equally numerous. The natives are chiefly Mohamme- dans, and the educational facilities are very meagre. The seat of the provincial government is Temir- Khan-Shura, and the chief commercial centres are Derbent and Petrovsk (q.v.), both on the coast. Until 1812 Daghestan formed a province of Persia, although the inhabitants enjoyed partial independence under native khans, and manifested their opposition to Persian rule by periodic re- volts. It then passed into the nominal possession of Russia, whose authority was not established until after a fierce struggle of many years. Daghe- stan still continued to be ruled by native khans until 1868. The last outbreak of the natives against Russian rule occurred during the Russo- Turkisli War in 1877. DAGNAN-BOtrVEBET, da'nyaK' boo'v'rft', Pascal Adolpiie Jean (1852—). A French painter, born in Paris, January 7, 1852. He studied under Gerome, and won his first impor- tant success with his Salon picture of 1870, "A Wedding at the Photographer's." In 1882 ap- peared "The Nuptial Benediction," and in 188-t "The Horse Pond," which is in the Luxembourg. "The Consecrated Bread" (1886) admirably dis- plays his management of light in interiors, and the subject of the picture is painted with a sen- timent that is poetic, yet quiet and serene. His work shows poetic feeling and patient labor. Bouveret was made Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1885, and received the first medal at the Salon of 1800 for his "Breton Women at the Pardon." Consult: Mrs. Arthur Bell, Rep- resentative Painters of the Nineteenth Cevtury (New York, 1899) ; Stranahan, A Eistory of French Puinting (New York. 1800) ; Modern French il/as«crs,'Van Dyke, ed. (New York, 1896). DAGO, dii'ge, or DAGDEN, diig'den. An island in the Baltic Sea, belonging to the Russian Government of Esthonia. It lies north of the island of Osel, is quadrilateral in shape, and covers an area of 370 square miles (!Map: Rus- sia, B 3 ). The surface is mostly low land, partly covered with marshes. Fishing and farming are the main industries. Population, in 1897, about 14,000, composed of Esthonians, Swedes, and Ger- mans. Dago belonged to Denmark until 1645, when it was acquired by Sweden, and was an- nexed to Russia in 1721. DA'GO. A name originally given by sailors to Spaniards, Portuguese, and Italians in gen- eral. It is asserted to be a corrujition of the Spanish name Diego, equivalent to the English name 'James,' or 'Jack.' By others it is a title given exclusively to those born of Spanish pa- rents. By others, again, it is thought to be purely a corruption or nickname derived from lildalf/o, which came to be applied to any for- eigner from Latin Europe. Whatever the deriva- tion of the word may have been, it is applied chiefly to the lower class of Italian immigrants in America. DAG'OBEET, Fr. pron. da'go'bar', I. ( ? - 638 ). King of the Franks, son of Clotaire II. He ruled in Austrasia from 622 to 632, and in Neustria and Burgundy from 628 to 638. In 632 he gave Austrasia to his son Sigibert. DAGOBEBT, Chanson du Roi (Fr., song of King Dagobert). A French song, in which the characters are King Dagobert and Saint Eloi, his counselor. It became very popular as a po- litical song; the couplets being altered to fit difTerent political conditions. A notable version which sprang up in 1814, aimed at Napoleon, was suppressed by police regulations. DA'GON. A god of the Philistines, and per- haps also of the Phoenicians. The references to this god in the Old Test-ament are too few and our knowledge of Philistine religion too scanty to enable us to identify the god. There was a temple dedicated to him at Gaza (Jud. xvi. 23) and another at Ashdod ( I. Sam. v. 2, etc.). From the description in the latter passage it would seem that Dagon had a head and hands, but the shape of his lower extremities is in doubt. Kimchi says that he was half man, half fish, but this may be due to the etymological explanation of Dagon from Hebrew d<jg, fish. Dagon, however, can also be compared with dagan, corn, and the god would thus become an agricul- tural god, which is much more probable. It hag been supposed by some that the man-fish figures on Assyrian monuments represent Dagon, but there is no warrant for this hypothesis. The figure in question is the AssyroBabylonian god Ea, a water deity whose seat of worship was originally at Eridu, on the Persian Gulf. There is, however, a god Dagon who is associated with Ann, the god of heaven. It is not impossible that Dagon is a foreign deity introduced into Assyria and whose original character is there lost sight of. I. Sam. v. 5 mentions that the ])riests and worshipers never stepped on the threshold of the temple of Ashdod. Consult: